2. Describing Data with Tables and Graphs

Bar graphs compare values across categories using which of the following to display their information?

Graphing Data Sets In Exercises 17–32, organize the data using the indicated type of graph. Describe any patterns.

Smartphone Sales The five best-selling smartphone manufacturers of 2020 were Apple (206.1 million units), Huawei (189.0 million units), Samsung (266.7 million units), vivo (111.7 million units), and Xiaomi (147.8 million units). Use a Pareto chart to display the data. (Source: International Data Corporation)

The table lists the number of albums by The Beatles that received sales certifications. Display the data using (b) a Pareto chart. (Source: Recording Industry Association of America)

College Survey In a national survey conducted by the Centers for Disease Control to determine health-risk behaviors among college students, college students were asked, “How often do you wear a seat belt when riding in a car driven by someone else?” The frequencies were as follows:

e. Construct a relative frequency bar graph.

Extending Concepts

A Misleading Graph? A misleading graph is not drawn appropriately, which can misrepresent data and lead to false conclusions. In Exercises 37–40, (a) explain why the graph is misleading, and (b) redraw the graph so that it is not misleading.

Poverty The U.S. Census Bureau uses money income thresholds to define poverty. For example, in 2018 the poverty threshold for a family of four with two children was \$25,100. The bar graph represents the number of people living in poverty (in thousands) in the United States in 2017, by ethnicity. How might this graph be misleading?

Median Earnings The graph shows the median income for females from 2010 to 2017 in constant 2017 dollars.

a. How is the graph misleading? What does the graph seem to convey?