22. Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: NAS

Show how you would synthesize octan-2-one from each compound. You may use any necessary reagents.

(e) heptanoic acid

For each heterocyclic compound,

(i) explain what type of acid derivative is present.

(ii) show what compounds would result from complete hydrolysis.

(iii) are any of the rings aromatic? Explain.

(e)

For each heterocyclic compound,

(i) explain what type of acid derivative is present.

(ii) show what compounds would result from complete hydrolysis.

(iii) are any of the rings aromatic? Explain.

(d)

Show how you would accomplish the following syntheses efficiently (you may use any necessary reagents).

(g)

Show how you would accomplish the following multistep syntheses, using the indicated starting material and any necessary reagents.

(c)

Show how you would convert the following starting materials to the indicated nitriles:

(b) phenylacetic acid → 3-phenylpropionitrile

Predict the products (if any) of the following acid–base reactions.

(a) acetic acid + ammonia

(b) phthalic acid + excess NaOH

(c) p-toluic acid + potassium trifluoroacetate

Peroxyacetic acid (bp = 105 °C) has a lower boiling point than acetic acid (bp = 118 °C), even though peroxyacetic acid has a higher molecular weight. Explain why peroxyacetic acid is more volatile than acetic acid.

Show how you would accomplish the following syntheses in good yields.

(b)

For each heterocyclic compound,

(i) explain what type of acid derivative is present.

(a)

(b)

(c)

Show how you would accomplish the following syntheses in good yields.

(a)

The structures of four useful polymers are shown, together with some of their best-known products. In each case,

(i) Determine the kind of polymer (polyamide, polyester, etc.).

(ii) Draw the structures of the monomers that would be released by complete hydrolysis.

(iii) Suggest what monomers or stable derivatives of the monomers might be used to make these polymers.

(a)

The structures of four useful polymers are shown, together with some of their best-known products. In each case,

(i) determine the kind of polymer (polyamide, polyester, etc.).

(c)

(d)

Show how you would accomplish the following multistep syntheses, using the indicated starting material and any necessary reagents.

(d)