33. Geometric Optics

When white light passes through a prism, which color bends the most due to refraction?

What is the critical angle for total internal reflection at the interface between glass with refractive index $n=1.90$ and ice with refractive index $n=1.31$?

(II) In searching the bottom of a pool at night, a watchman shines a narrow beam of light from his flashlight, 1.3 m above the water level, onto the surface of the water at a point 2.8 m from his foot at the edge of the pool (Fig. 32–53). Where does the spot of light hit the bottom of the pool which is 2.1 m deep? Measure from the bottom of the wall beneath his foot.

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There's one angle of incidence β onto a prism for which the light inside an isosceles prism travels parallel to the base and emerges at angle β. A laboratory measurement finds that β=52.2° for a prism shaped like an equilateral triangle. What is the prism's index of refraction?

According to the principles of refraction, the explanation for refraction must involve a change in which of the following properties as light passes from one medium to another?

A light beam strikes a 2.5-cm-thick piece of plastic with a refractive index of 1.62 at a 45° angle. The plastic is on top of a 3.8-cm-thick piece of glass for which n = 1.47. What is the distance D in Fig. 32–51?

When a ray of light passes from air into water at an angle, which of the following describes what happens to the direction of the ray according to $Snell’sLaw$?

When a light wave passes from one medium to another and undergoes refraction, how does its speed change in relation to the refractive indices of the two media ($n$)?

Shown from above in FIGURE P34.54 is one corner of a rectangular box filled with water. A laser beam starts 10 cm from side A of the container and enters the water at position x. You can ignore the thin walls of the container. If x = 15 cm, does the laser beam refract back into the air through side B or reflect from side B back into the water? Determine the angle of refraction or reflection.

Under which condition is the angle at which a ray of light enters a glass block different from the angle at which it exits the block (relative to the normal)?

A sheet of glass has n_red = 1.52 and n_violet = 1.55. A narrow beam of white light is incident on the glass at 30°. What is the angular spread of the light inside the glass?

An advanced computer sends information to its various parts via infrared light pulses traveling through silicon fibers. To acquire data from memory, the central processing unit sends a light-pulse request to the memory unit. The memory unit processes the request, then sends a data pulse back to the central processing unit. The memory unit takes 0.5 ns to process a request. If the information has to be obtained from memory in 2.0 ns, what is the maximum distance the memory unit can be from the central processing unit?

A horizontal, parallel-sided plate of glass having a refractive index of 1.52 is in contact with the surface of water in a tank. A ray coming from above in air makes an angle of incidence of 35.0° with the normal to the top surface of the glass. What angle does the ray refracted into the water make with the normal to the surface?

(I) An earthquake P wave traveling 8.0 km/s strikes a boundary within the Earth between two kinds of material. If it approaches the boundary at an incident angle of 52° and the angle of refraction is 31°, what is the speed in the second medium?

Under which condition does the refraction of light occur as it passes from one medium to another?