33. Geometric Optics

When white light passes through a prism, which color bends the most due to refraction?

When a light ray passes from a medium with a lower index of refraction $n$ into a medium with a higher index of refraction $n$, what happens to the direction of the light ray relative to the normal?

The critical angle for a certain liquid–air surface is 52.6°. What is the index of refraction of the liquid?

When a ray of light bends as it enters a new medium at an angle, what is this phenomenon called?

A beam of light has a wavelength of 650 nm in vacuum. What is the wavelength of these waves in the liquid?

When a ray of light passes from $\mathrm{water}$ into $\mathrm{air}$ at an angle, how does the angle of refraction in $\mathrm{air}$ compare to the angle of incidence in $\mathrm{water}$?

When a light ray passes from one medium into another and its speed changes, what happens to the direction of the light ray according to $Snel’sLaw$?

How does a prism separate visible light into its different colors?

A 4.0-m-wide swimming pool is filled to the top. The bottom of the pool becomes completely shaded in the afternoon when the sun is 20° above the horizon. How deep is the pool?

A laser beam passes from medium $1$ into medium $2$ and bends toward the normal. Which statement is true about the indices of refraction of the two media?

(III) A beam of light enters the end of an optic fiber as shown in Fig. 32–59. (a) Show that we can guarantee total internal reflection at the side surface of the material (at point A), if the index of refraction is greater than about 1.42. In other words, regardless of the angle α , the light beam reflects back into the material at point A, assuming air outside. (b) What if the fiber is immersed in water?

Which of the following objects does not separate white light into the colors of the visible spectrum?

When white light is refracted by a prism, what phenomenon is primarily observed?

(II) (a) What is the minimum index of refraction for a glass or plastic prism to be used in binoculars (Fig. 32–34) so that total internal reflection occurs at 45°? (b) Will binoculars work if their prisms (assume n = 1.58) are immersed in water? (c) What minimum n is needed if the prisms are immersed in water?

White light is incident onto a 30° prism at the 40° angle shown in FIGURE P35.41. Violet light emerges perpendicular to the rear face of the prism. The index of refraction of violet light in this glass is 2.0% larger than the index of refraction of red light. At what angle Φ does red light emerge from the rear face?