33. Geometric Optics

(II) A beam of light is emitted in a pool of water from a depth of 65.0 cm. Where must it strike the air–water interface, relative to the spot directly above it, in order that the light does not exit the water?

(II) An aquarium filled with water has flat glass sides whose index of refraction is 1.51. A beam of light from outside the aquarium strikes the glass at a 43.5° angle to the perpendicular (Fig. 32–52). What is the angle of this light ray when it enters (a) the glass, and then (b) the water? (c) What would be the refracted angle if the ray entered the water directly?

Light from a laser (in air) strikes the exact center of one face of a solid glass cube (n = 1.40) at an angle θ relative to the normal. The refracted beam travels inside the glass until it strikes an adjacent face of the cube. The original angle of incidence θ is such that no light exits the cube where the beam strikes the second face. What is the maximum value θ can have?

(III) A light ray is incident on a flat piece of glass with index of refraction n as in Fig. 32–24. Show that if the incident angle θ is small, the emerging ray is displaced a distance d = tθ(n - 1)/n , where t is the thickness of the glass, θ is in radians, and d is the perpendicular distance between the incident ray and the (dashed) line of the emerging ray (Fig. 32–24).

(II) The speed of light in a certain substance is 78% of its value in water. What is the index of refraction of that substance?

Which statement best describes the relationship between refraction and the speed of light as light passes from one medium to another?

When a seismic wave passes from one material into another and is refracted, which of the following will occur?

When a light wave passes through a pane of glass in a window, which phenomenon is primarily occurring as the light enters and exits the glass?

A parallel beam of light containing two wavelengths, λ₁ = 461 nm and λ₂ = 656 nm, enters the silicate flint glass of an equilateral prism as shown in Fig. 32–56. At what angle does each beam leave the prism (give angle with normal to the face)? See Fig. 32–28.

When a ray of light passes from air into water at an angle, which statement correctly describes the direction of the refracted ray according to $Snell’sLaw$?

A ray diagram shows a light ray changing direction as it passes from $\mathrm{air}$ into $\mathrm{water}$ at an angle, but no ray is shown bouncing back into the $\mathrm{air}$. Which best explains why the diagram shows refraction but not reflection?

During a lunar eclipse, which color of visible light is most likely to pass through Earth's atmosphere and refract toward the Moon, causing the Moon to appear reddish?

Which phenomenon best explains the formation of mirages observed on hot roads or deserts?

Which object is best used to demonstrate the bending of light as it passes through a substance, illustrating the principle of $\mathrm{refraction}$?

When white light passes through a prism, which color bends the least due to refraction?