21. Principles of Disease

List the causative agent, method of transmission, and reservoir for schistosomiasis, toxoplasmosis, and Chagas disease. Which disease are you most likely to get in the United States? Where are the other diseases endemic?

The definitive host for Toxoplasma gondii is __________.

a. humans

b. cats

c. birds

d. mosquitoes

Differentiate among the following factors of bacterial intoxication and bacterial infection: prerequisite conditions, causative agents, onset, duration of symptoms, and treatment.

Mark each statement as true or false. Rewrite the false statements to make them true by changing the underlined word(s).

__________ Wuchereria bancrofti is a filarial nematode that infects the lymphatic system.

_____Postpolio syndrome is due to latent polioviruses that become active 30 to 40 years after the initial infection.

A disease in which a pathogen remains inactive for a long period of time before becoming active is termed a(n) :

a. Subacute disease

b. Acute disease

c. Chronic disease

d. Latent disease

What effect would AIDS have on latent coinfections?

a. None at all

b. Latent infections may become reactivated

c. Latent infections would turn into asymptomatic infections

d. Opportunistic pathogens could easily be reactivated

e. Latent infections would turn into opportunistic infections

What observation led scientists to understand the relationship between shingles and chickenpox?

What viral family causes each of these diseases? (A family may be used more than once.)

1. _____Myocarditis

2. _____Colorado tick fever

3. _____Rabies

4. _____Influenza

5. _____Dengue fever

6. _____German measles

7. _____Acute gastroenteritis

8. _____Ebola virus

9. _____RSV

10. _____Western equine encephalitis

11. _____No known disease

A. Rhabdoviridae

B. Paramyxoviridae

C. Reoviridae

D. Coronaviridae

E. Togaviridae

F. Flaviviridae

G. Orthomyxoviridae

H. Orphan virus

I. Caliciviridae

J. Filoviridae

K. Picornaviridae

The majority of cestodes are transmitted via ___________ .

a. ingestion

b. vectors

c. direct contact

d. inhalation

Thrush is caused by _____ (genus name).

How is the transmission of the amoeba Entamoeba different from the transmission of the amoebas Acanthamoeba and Naegleria?

A 6-year old girl was taken to the physician for evaluation of a slowly growing bump on the back of her head. The bump was a raised, scaling lesion 4 cm in diameter. A fungal culture of material from the lesion was positive for a fungus with numerous conidia.

The girl’s disease was

a. Rubella.

b. Candidiasis.

c. Dermatomycosis.

d. A cold sore.

e. None of the above.

Before 2005, why was a test for antibodies against rubella required for females under age 50 before issuing a marriage license?

A microbe that causes disease is called a __________ .