21. Principles of Disease

Most people have been infected with this microorganism, often without symptoms. Infection during pregnancy can result in deafness or intellectual disabilities in the newborn.

An HIV/AIDS patient is presenting with flulike symptoms, headache, fever, and disorientation. The MOST important piece of information a nurse must obtain for the patient is his or her

a. travel history, in and outside the United States.

b. diet for the last 3 days.

c. exposure to lakes or streams.

d. exposure to bats.

Which of the following pathogen characteristics may be considered virulence factor(s)?

Differentiate the terms in each of the following pairs:

a. Etiology and pathogenesis

b. Infection and disease

c. Communicable disease and noncommunicable disease

Identify the zoonotic disease:

a. HTLV lymphoma

b. Systemic candidiasis

c. Mucormycosis

d. Plague

e. Endocarditis

Mark each statement as true or false. Rewrite the false statements to make them true by changing the underlined word(s).

__________ Toxoplasmosis can be transmitted across a placenta.

Diseases that the CDC collects information on through collaboration with state and local health authorities are called (NCLEX/HESI/TEAS)

a. Communicable diseases.

b. Reportable diseases.

c. Nationally notifiable diseases.

d. Investigative diseases.

e. Case report illnesses.

Hookworm disease is caused by ____________ in the Middle East.

A patient in the United States presents with symptoms of fever, chills, nausea, and a rash. Which of the following questions would provide a clue as to whether dengue fever, chikungungya, or Zika should be included in the differential diagnosis?

a. Have you recently traveled anywhere?

b. Has your sexual partner exhibited these symptoms recently?

c. Do you live near woods?

d. Have you been hiking lately?

e. Do you use intravenous drugs?

A(n) _______________________ groups the study populations by exposure versus nonexposure to a certain risk factor to see if either group develops the outcome in question.

a. Experimental study

b. Case report

c. Cross-sectional study

d. Correlation study

e. Observational study

Koplik’s spots are oral lesions associated with __________.

a. mumps

b. measles

c. flu

d. colds

Indicate whether each statement is true or false. If the statement is false, change the underlined word or phrase to make the statement true.

_____ Coccidioidomycosis does not occur normally outside the Western Hemisphere.

Use the following choices to answer the question given below.

a. Pseudomonas

b. Staphylococcus aureus

c. Scabies

d. Sporothrix

e. Virus

Microscopic examination of scrapings from the patient’s rash shows gram-negative rods.