21. Principles of Disease

A patient has conjunctivitis. If you isolated Pseudomonas from the patient’s mascara, you would most likely conclude all of the following except that

a. The mascara was the source of the infection.

b. Pseudomonas is causing the infection.

c. Pseudomonas has been growing in the mascara.

d. The mascara was contaminated by the manufacturer.

e. All of the above are valid conclusions.

What virus is responsible for mononucleosis and Burkitt’s lymphoma?

a. Dengue virus

b. Yellow fever virus

c. Human immunodeficiency virus

d. Plasmodium falciparum

e. Epstein-Barr virus

Which of the following statements is the best definition of a pandemic disease?

a. It normally occurs in a given geographic area.

b, It is a disease that occurs more frequently than usual for a geographical area or group of people.

c. It occurs infrequently at no predictable time scattered over a large area or population.

d. It is an epidemic that occurs on more than one continent at the same time.

A 12-year old boy had a fever, rash, headache, sore throat, and cough. He also had a macular rash on his trunk, face, and arms. A throat culture was negative for Streptococcus pyogenes.

The boy most likely had

a. Streptococcal sore throat.

b. Measles.

c. Rubella.

d. Smallpox.

e. Hand-foot-mouth disease.

_____ are tumorlike fungal infections.

The only ciliate to cause disease in humans is __________.

a. Naegleria

b. Balantidium

c. Fasciola

d. Trypanosoma

Leishmania species are transmitted by __________.

a. sand flies

b. tsetse flies

c. kissing bugs

d. mosquitoes

You microscopically examine scrapings from a case of Acanthamoeba keratitis. You expect to see

a. Nothing.

b. Viruses.

c. Gram-positive cocci.

d. Eukaryotic cells.

e. Gram-negative cocci.

A patient you are assessing reports an increase in vaginal discharge that has a foul odor, but she does not report other symptoms. The patient has been in a monogamous relationship for 3 years. Which of the following would be the most useful for this patient? Select all that apply.

a. Evaluate her urine for increased white blood cells

b. Perform a Gram stain on the vaginal discharge

c. Run a pregnancy test

d. Test for an STI

e. Perform a whiff test

Young Luis has skin lesions. His mother knows from microbiology class that five childhood diseases can produce spots. Name those five diseases and the viruses that cause each. List some questions to ask to determine which of these viruses Luis has.