21. Principles of Disease

Which of the following diseases is not caused by NIAID category A biological weapons

agents?

a. Smallpox

b. Plague

c. Q fever

d. Tularemia

Using the following list, construct a concept map or a chart connecting these terms according to the pathogen and correlated disease: fecal–oral, diarrhea, rotavirus, Campylobacter jejuni, bacterial, viral, foodborne transmission, antibiotics, vaccine.

Undercooked poultry is commonly a source of infection caused by ____________ bacteria or by ____________ bacteria.

The smallest cellular microbes are __________.

a. Rickettsias

b. Mycoplasmas

c. Chlamydias

d. Both a and c

Bacterial pathogen Z has proteins on its surface which bind to receptors on the host cell's surface. After it is bound, the host cell engulfs the bacterium. This means that the proteins on the surface of bacterium Z are:

Statistics show that meningococcal diseases are more frequent in college dormitories and military barracks than in the population at large. Suggest an explanation of this observation.

CSF glucose levels are often assessed to differentiate between bacterial and viral meningitis. This is because

a. bacteria cells use glucose and lower the overall concentration in the CSF.

b. viral meningitis causes inflammation that blocks glucose transport into the CSF.

c. viral infection of the meninges causes cell lysis, releasing glucose into the CSF.

d. None of the above.

What animals generally serve as the source of Escherichia coli O157:H7 for human infection?

Diagram the pathway taken by E. coli to cause cystitis. Do the same for pyelonephritis. Diagram the pathway taken by N. gonorrhoeae to cause PID.

Describe the phases of untreated syphilis.

AIDS patients usually die of bacterial, fungal, or microsporidial infections. Why do so many fungal infections appear in these individuals, and why are mycoses severe while fungi, for the most part, are benign residents of the environment?

A patient contracted athlete’s foot after long-term use of a medication. His physician explained that the malady was directly related to the medication. Such infections are termed:

a. Healthcare-associated infections

b. Exogenous infections

c. Iatrogenic infections

d. Endogenous infections

Viral meningitis is more common than other forms of meningitis because

a. these infectious agents are all intracellular, evading the immune system.

b. there are more types of viruses than bacteria because they evolve more quickly.

c. the small size of viruses makes them able to pass more easily through the blood–brain barrier.

d. viruses are spread person to person more easily than bacteria, fungi, or protozoans.

Which bacterium causes infections in many burn victims?

a. Moraxella catarrhalis

b. Pseudomonas aeruginosa

c. Escherichia coli

d. Bartonella bacilliformis

What is the main symptom of Vibrio cholerae infection and how is this infection best treated?