21. Principles of Disease

Which of the following is a bile-tolerant anaerobe?

a. Bacteroides

b. Escherichia

c. Shigella

d. Prevotella

Sickle cell anemia is a blood disorder where affected individuals have 'half-moon' shaped red blood cells. Sickle cell anemia is an example of a _________ disease.

Select the false statement about cutaneous candidiasis:

a. The most common causative species is Candida albicans.

b. Candida albicans can be part of normal microbiota.

c. Usage of antibiotics can increase the chance of cutaneous candidiasis.

d. Changes in pH can permit overgrowth.

e. The causative agents are naturally found as mold filaments.

What virulence factors allow Gram-negative anaerobes to cause disease?

Label the following drawing using these words: adhesin, exotoxin, H antigens, hemolysin, iron-binding protein, K antigens, outer membrane (with common antigen, lipid A, and O antigen), fimbria, plasmid virulence genes, type III secretion system.

Describe the three developmental stages of the bacteria Ehrlichia and Anaplasma.

Match the following:

What single biochemical test result distinguishes gamma-proteobacteria in the family Enterobacteriaceae from gammaproteobacteria in the family Pasteurellaceae?

Which of the following can occur even if the infectious agent is killed by the time it enters the host?

a. Salmonellosis

b. Cholera

c. Giardiasis

d. Food poisoning

e. Mumps

What attribute of Coxiella burnetii enables it to survive desiccation and heat for an extended time?

Which of the following is false regarding biofilms?

a. They tend to consist of one species of microbe.

b. They are platforms on which pathogens may adhere.

c. They form on indwelling devices.

d. They may harbor pathogens.

e. They can form on natural and manufactured surfaces.

List three portals through which pathogens enter the body.

Name one fungus and one protozoan that can cause genital system infections. What symptoms would lead you to suspect these infections?

What two illnesses can be caused by Legionella pneumophila?

Discuss why it is difficult in many cases to determine the source of superficial fungal infections (i.e., from other humans, animals, or the environment).