21. Principles of Disease

Conjunctivitis is caused by the following agent types (select ALL that apply):

a. bacteria.

b. viruses.

c. protozoa.

d. fungi.

e. helminths.

A coliform bacterium that likely contaminates dairy products is ___________.

a. Bartonella

b. Serratia

c. Enterobacter

d. Proteus

How does Staphylococcus aureus affect the matrix between cells in the human body?

a. S. aureus triggers blood clotting, which coats the matrix and inhibits cellular

communication.

b. S. aureus produces an enzyme that dissolves hyaluronic acid and thus enables it to pass between the cells.

c. S. aureus possesses a hyaluronic acid capsule that causes leukocytes to ignore the bacterium as if it were camouflaged.

d. S. aureus does not affect the matrix but instead produces a necrotizing agent that dissolves body cells.

A patient under one year old is vomiting, drowsy, floppy (flaccid), and unresponsive. Both infant botulism and infant meningitis caused by other bacteria are suspected. Which piece of information would best help narrow down the possible diagnosis?

a. The child has spent almost no time outside the home.

b. The child is being breast-fed.

c. The child was born one month ago.

d. The child has a very high fever.

The most common cause of bacterial gastroenteritis in the United States is __________.

a. Vibrio parahaemolyticus

b. Campylobacter jejuni

c. Helicobacter pylori

d. Vibrio cholerae

Compare and contrast mycoplasmal pneumonia and viral pneumonia.

Which of the following diseases is typically mild?

a. Brazilian purpuric fever

b. Bartonellosis

c. Pediatric meningitis

d. Cat scratch disease

The most common cause of cystitis

a. C. trachomatis

b. E. coli

c. Mycobacterium hominis

d. S. saprophyticus

Select the false statement about trachoma:

a. The causative agent is bacterial.

b. It is the leading cause of infectious blindness in the United States.

c. It is transmitted by unhygienic items, such as flies, fingers, and fomites.

d. Uncomplicated cases can be resolved with antibiotics.

e. Severe cases require surgery.

The bacterium causing pseudomembranous colitis is

a. Clostridium difficile

b. Streptococcus pyogenes

c. Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare

d. Corynebacterium diphtheriae

__________ infections are those acquired by patients or staff while in health care facilities.

Pathogenic strains that have become resistant to antimicrobial drugs are found in which of the following genera?

a. Staphylococcus

b. Mycobacterium

c. Enterococcus

d. All of the above

Which of the following is not a virulence factor of P. aeruginosa?

a. Protein A

b, Exotoxins

c. Enzymes that damage host tissues

d. Endotoxins

e. Factors that enhance biofilm formation

Most human infections caused by species of Rickettsia ___________.

a. Are acquired from fomites

b. Could be prevented by hand washing

c. Are transmitted via vectors

d. Are sexually transmitted

Match the disease with the causative pathogen in the list.

___ Spotted fever rickettsiosis

___ Murine typhus

___ Epidemic typhus

___ Scrub typhus

___ Ehrlichiosis

A. Rickettsia typhi

B. Rickettsia prowazekii

C. Rickettsia rickettsii

D. Orientia tsutsugamushi

E. Ehrlichia chaffeensis