21. Principles of Disease

Why do nurses place antimicrobial agents in babies’ eyes at birth?

Rapid diagnosis and treatment of streptococcal pharyngitis (strep throat) are important mainly because

a. Streptococcal pharyngitis is painful.

b. Streptococcal pharyngitis is highly contagious.

c. Failure to treat streptococcal pharyngitis can compromise the efficiency of the DTaP vaccine.

d. Streptococcal pharyngitis can cause certain autoimmune complications.

e. Not treating streptococcal pharyngitis leads to antibiotic resistance.

Beginning with the ingestion of water contaminated with V. cholerae O1 El Tor, describe the course of the disease it causes.

Indicate the true statements, and then correct the false statements so that they are true.

a. The most common viruses that cause human respiratory system infections are cold viruses.

b. Viruses can be treated with antibiotics.

c. People who have been exposed to cold and/or wet conditions are statistically more likely to develop a cold.

d. Many respiratory illnesses that are not caused by influenza viruses have flu-like symptoms.

e. The flu vaccine is not recommended for children under 2 years of age.

f. Pneumonia is a rare healthcare-acquired infection.

Which of the following is not true of cholera?

a. The causative agent lives naturally in marine water.

b. There is an effective vaccine for cholera.

c. Strain 01 El Tor has been responsible for several pandemics.

d. Rice-water stool is a symptom.

Which of the following pathogens are not associated with foodborne infections?

a. Salmonella

b. Shigella

c. Campylobacter jejuni

d. Bacillus cereus

e. Escherichia coli

List three conditions that create opportunities for pathogens to become harmful in a human.

Which of the following statements is false?

a. E. coli never causes disease

b. E. coli provides vitamin K for its host

c. E. coli often exists in a mutualistic relationship with humans

d. A disease-causing strain of E. coli causes bloody diarrhea

Label the following stages and structures of the chlamydia life cycle: elementary body, endocytosis, vesicle, host cell, inclusion body, reticulate body. For B–D, indicate how many hours have typically transpired since infection. <IMAGE>

Select the FALSE statement:

a. Typical pneumonia can be community acquired.

b. Streptococcus pneumoniae is one cause of typical pneumonia.

c. Viruses are the only cause of atypical pneumonia.

d. Atypical pneumonia is not usually characterized by consolidation.

Treatment of chlamydial infections involves ____________.

a. Erythromycin cream

b. Doxycycline creams

c. Surgical correction of eyelid deformities

d. All of the above

Why does dietary sugar increase the risk for developing dental caries?

Which of the following can lead to pneumonia?

a. Viruses

b. Bacteria

c. Fungi

d. All of the above

List the causative agent, mode of transmission, and endemic area for the diseases histoplasmosis, coccidioidomycosis, blastomycosis, and Pneumocystis pneumonia.

How are urinary tract infections acquired?