25. The Urinary System

The myogenic mechanism is triggered by changes in the stretch of the afferent arteriole. This is the direct result of:

If a freshly voided urine sample contains excessive amounts of urochrome, it has

a. An ammonia-like odor

b. A pH below normal

c. A dark yellow color

d. A pH above normal

Which of the following is/are true about ADH?

a. It promotes obligatory water reabsorption

b. It is secreted in response to an increase in extracellular fluid osmolality

c. It causes insertion of aquaporins in the PCT

d. It promotes Na⁺ reabsorption

Drugs that treat hypertension, or high blood pressure, have the following actions. Discuss the specific effect that each drug will have on the kidneys.

a. Blocking the action of aldosterone on the kidneys

Fill in the blanks for the following statements:

a. When the GFR decreases, the macula densa releases chemicals to______ the afferent arteriole.

b. The sympathetic nervous system______ the blood vessels supplying the kidney _____ to the glomerular filtration rate.

c. The enzyme _____ is released by JG cells in response to a decrease in the GFR.

d. The enzyme ______ converts angiotensin-I to angiotensin-II.

e. Generally, angiotensin-II______ systemic blood pressure while _____ the GFR.

The sympathetic nervous system releases _____________, which causes constriction of the afferent and efferent arterioles.