23. The Digestive System

Describe the role of these cells found in gastric glands: parietal, chief, mucous neck, and enteroendocrine.

Trace the path of a single protein molecule that has been ingested.

The protein molecule must be digested before it can be transported to and utilized by the cells because

a. Protein is only useful directly

b. Protein has a low pH

c. Proteins in the circulating blood produce an adverse osmotic pressure

d. The protein is too large to be readily absorbed

How does each of the three phases of gastric secretion promote and facilitate gastric control?

The sphincter between the stomach and duodenum is:

a. The pyloric sphincter

b. The gastroesophageal sphincter

c. The hepatopancreatic sphincter

d. The ileocecal valve

Food entering the stomach will first pass through the:

An anorexic girl shows a high level of acetone in her blood. What is this condition called, and what has caused it?

A surgical procedure known as gastric bypass involves removing all or part of the stomach.

Ms. Anthony has undergone gastric bypass, and her stomach has been removed entirely. She goes out to dinner and eats an extremely large meal. Explain what will happen in her small and large intestine following this meal.

Mixing of the chyme with gastric juice is achieved via:

Someone has eaten a meal of buttered toast, cream, and eggs. Which of the following would you expect to happen?

a. Compared to the period shortly after the meal, gastric motility and secretion of HCl decrease when the food reaches the duodenum

b. Gastric motility increases even as the person is chewing the food (before swallowing)

c. Fat will be emulsified in the duodenum by the action of bile

d. All of these