26. Fluid and Electrolyte Balance, Acid Base Balance

Part of an important chemical buffer system in plasma is:

a. Ammonium ions

b. Bicarbonate

c. Calcium

d. Chloride

e. Hydrogen ions

f. Magnesium

g. Phosphate

h. Potassium

i. Sodium

j. Water

When ADH levels rise, 

(a) The amount of water reabsorbed increases.

(b) The DCT becomes impermeable to water.

(c) The amount of water reabsorbed decreases.

(d) Sodium ions are exchanged for potassium ions.

The primary components of the ECF are:

(a) Lymph and cerebrospinal fluid

(b) Plasma and serous fluids

(c) Interstitial fluid and plasma

(d) All of these

Which of the following statements best describes the principle of mass balance?

a. The amount of a variable that is gained by the body through ingestion equals the amount that is lost from the body.

b. The body maintains a stable mass at all times.

c. The amount of each variable brought into the body must be balanced by all other variables.

d. The amount of a variable ingested is regulated by a positive feedback loop.

How does angiotensin-II help to restore fluid balance when a person is dehydrated?

The osmotic concentration of the ECF decreases if an individual gains water without a corresponding:

(a) Gain of electrolytes

(b) Loss of water

(c) Fluid shift from the ECF to the ICF

(d) All of these

Body water content is greatest in:

a. Infants

b. Young adults

c. Elderly adults

Water balance is regulated by control of amount(s):

a. Ingested

b. Excreted in urine

c. Lost in perspiration

d. Lost in feces