26. Fluid and Electrolyte Balance, Acid Base Balance

What do you think has happened to Elise's ECF volume and osmolarity over the past 3 days? Will this lead to a change in the volume of water in the cytosol of her cells? Explain.

As a percentage of body weight, the total body water tends to be higher in ________ and lower in ________ .

a. infants; men

b. women; men

c. men; infants

d. infants; women

Yuka is dehydrated, so her physician prescribes intravenous fluids. The attending nurse becomes distracted and erroneously gives Yuka a hypertonic glucose solution instead of normal saline. What effect will this mistake have on Yuka’s plasma ADH levels and urine volume?

Dan has been lost in the desert for 2 days with very little water. As a result of this exposure, you would expect to observe which of the following? 

(a) Increased ADH levels

(b) Decreased blood osmolarity

(c) Normal urine production

(d) Increased blood volume

(e) Cells enlarged with fluid

Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.

d. Atrial natriuretic peptide promotes water retention in the kidneys and increases the amount of water in the body.

Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.

b. The sensible water loss includes the water lost from the body via the skin and the respiratory system.

A cell in a/an ________ fluid will lose water, and a cell in a/an ________ fluid will gain water.

Two substances regulated by parathyroid hormone are:

a. Ammonium ions

b. Bicarbonate

c. Calcium

d. Chloride

e. Hydrogen ions

f. Magnesium

g. Phosphate

h. Potassium

i. Sodium

j. Water

What are fluid shifts? What is their function, and what factors can cause them?

A woman begins a diet and exercise regimen and loses 30 lb. Will her total body water increase, decrease, or stay the same? Why?