2. Describing Data with Tables and Graphs

Which type of graph is most appropriate for displaying data that represent parts of a whole?

Which of the following is a true statement about a $boxplot$?

Which of the following best describes the difference between qualitative and quantitative data?

Which of the following best explains why a graphical display of data might appear skewed, and how can you help ensure the data is not misleadingly skewed when visualizing it?

When comparing the boxplots of two groups, which of the following should be done?

Airport Data Speeds Listed below are the cellular data speeds (Mbps) from Sprint and Verizon measured at nine different airports (based on data from CNN). What would the presence of a correlation suggest about Sprint and Verizon?

Typically, numerical information is most effectively presented through which two of the following: bar charts, pie charts, histograms, or scatterplots?

The following data set shows the number of overtime hours that 12 employees worked in a month. Construct a frequency distribution, suing a lower class limit of 3 and a class width of 4.

Ideal Family Size The following USA Today–type graphic illustrates the ideal family size (total children) based on a survey of adult Americans.

a. What type of graphic is being displayed?

b. Describe any problems with the graphic.

c. Construct a graphic that is not misleading and makes the data stand out.

Computers As a quality control manager at Texas Instruments, you find that defective calculators have various causes, including worn machinery, human error, bad supplies, and packaging mistreatment. Which of the following graphs would be best for describing the causes of defects: histogram; scatterplot; Pareto chart; dotplot; pie chart?

Which type of data visualization is most appropriate for showing the composition of values within a categorical variable?

Platelet-Rich Plasma In a prospective cohort study, 20 patients with alopecia (hair loss) had platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injected in their scalps. After three months, the mean difference in hair density (after - before) was 170.70 hairs per square centimeter with a standard deviation of 37.81hairs/cm2. Source: Gkini MA, Kouskoukis AE, Tripsianis G, Rigopoulos D, Kouskoukis K., “Study of Platelet-Rich Plasma Injections in the Treatment of Androgenetic Alopecia through a One-Year Period”. J Cutan Aesthet Surg, 2014; 7:213–219.

b. What is the variable of interest in this study? Is it qualitative or quantitative?

Which type of graph is most appropriate for displaying the means $\mathrm{x̅}$ of several different treatments?

V and Digital Ads Listed below are amounts (billions of dollars) spent on TV and digital advertising. The amounts are listed in order by year ending with the year 2022. The last few years are projected amounts (based on data from Magna Global). Construct a graph that reveals the story that the data are trying to tell. What story does the graph depict?

TV Ads:

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It’s Like Time to Do This Exercise In a Marist survey of adults, these are the words or phrases that subjects find most annoying in conversation (along with their frequencies of response): like (127); just sayin’ (81); you know (104); whatever (219); obviously (35). Construct a pie chart. Identify one disadvantage of a pie chart.