9. Hypothesis Testing for One Sample

Which of the following is typically the first step in hypothesis testing?

In the context of hypothesis testing, when is there a risk of committing a ${\mathrm{Type}}^{\mathrm{I}}$ error?

Which of the following is not one of the steps in conducting a one-sample $t$-test?

In the context of hypothesis testing, what are the two possible decisions you can make after analyzing the sample data?

Which of the following scenarios would result in a null hypothesis $\mu =7$ and an alternative hypothesis $\mu >7$?

Bootstrapping and Randomization When resampling data from two independent samples, what is the fundamental difference between bootstrapping and randomization?

Which of the following are assumptions required for conducting a significance test for a population proportion?

In the steps of hypothesis testing, if the results indicate that the $p$-value is less than the significance level $\alpha$, what is the appropriate conclusion?

In Exercises 13–16, refer to the indicated data set in Appendix B and use the sign test for the claim about the median of a population.

Cotinine in Smokers Data Set 15 “Passive and Active Smoke” includes cotinine measurements from 902 smokers. Cotinine is a biomarker of nicotine in the body. Use a 0.01 significance level to test the claim that smokers have cotinine levels with a median of 2.84 ng/mL, which is the median for nonsmokers not exposed to tobacco smoke.

Suppose you are using the first 100 rows of the Oakland data to test the hypotheses $H_0:p_1=p_2$ versus an alternative hypothesis about $p_1$. Which of the following is the correct first step in the hypothesis testing process?

Suppose you conduct a two-tailed hypothesis test at the $5\%$ significance level and obtain a test statistic of $1.77$. What is the correct conclusion?

Testing the Spearman Rank Correlation Coefficient for n>30 When you are testing the significance of the Spearman rank correlation coefficient and the sample size n is greater than 30, you can use the expression below to find the critical value.

In Exercises 13 and 14, test the Spearman rank correlation coefficient

[APPLET] Work Injuries The table shows the average hours worked per week and the numbers of on-the-job injuries for a random sample of U.S. companies in a recent year. At α = =0.10, can you conclude that there is a significant correlation between average hours worked and the number of on-the-job injuries?

True or False? In Exercises 5–10, determine whether the statement is true or false. If it is false, rewrite it as a true statement.

A large P-value in a test will favor rejection of the null hypothesis.

Performing a Sign Test In Exercises 7–22, (b) find the critical value,

Social Media A research group claims that the median age of the users of a social media website is greater than 30 years old. In a random sample of 24 users, 11 are less than 30 years old, 10 are more than 30 years old, and 3 are 30 years old. At , can you support the research group’s claim? (Adapted from Pew Research Center)