Textbook Question
How many atoms are in a 2.0 cm×2.0 cm×2.0 cm cube of aluminum?
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Ch 18: A Macroscopic Description of Matter
Knight Calc5th EditionPhysics for Scientists and EngineersISBN: 9780137344796
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Table of contents
- Ch 01: Concepts of Motion35
- Ch 02: Kinematics in One Dimension75
- Ch 03: Vectors and Coordinate Systems58
- Ch 04: Kinematics in Two Dimensions60
- Ch 05: Force and Motion23
- Ch 06: Dynamics I: Motion Along a Line53
- Ch 07: Newton's Third Law27
- Ch 08: Dynamics II: Motion in a Plane52
- Ch 09: Work and Kinetic Energy56
- Ch 10: Interactions and Potential Energy50
- Ch 11: Impulse and Momentum56
- Ch 12: Rotation of a Rigid Body71
- Ch 13: Newton's Theory of Gravity52
- Ch 14: Fluids and Elasticity44
- Ch 15: Oscillations55
- Ch 16: Traveling Waves37
- Ch 17: Superposition39
- Ch 18: A Macroscopic Description of Matter53
- Ch 19: Work, Heat, and the First Law of Thermodynamics60
- Ch 20: The Micro/Macro Connection53
- Ch 21: Heat Engines and Refrigerators34
- Ch 22: Electric Charges and Forces40
- Ch 23: The Electric Field39
- Ch 24: Gauss' Law32
- Ch 25: The Electric Potential63
- Ch 26: Potential and Field57
- Ch 27: Current and Resistance42
- Ch 28: Fundamentals of Circuits39
- Ch 29: The Magnetic Field47
- Ch 30: Electromagnetic Induction60
- Ch 31: Electromagnetic Fields and Waves32
- Ch 32: AC Circuits63
- Ch 33: Wave Optics32
- Ch 34: Ray Optics57
- Ch 35: Optical Instruments30
- Ch 36: Special Relativity38
- Ch 37: The Foundations of Modern Physics25
- Ch 38: Quantization49
- Ch 39: Wave Functions and Uncertainty31
- Ch 40: One-Dimensional Quantum Mechanics35
- Ch 41: Atomic Physics18
- Ch 42: Nuclear Physics27
Knight Calc5th EditionPhysics for Scientists and EngineersISBN: 9780137344796Not the one you use?Change textbook
Chapter 18, Problem 12
The lowest and highest natural temperatures ever recorded on earth are −129°F in Antarctica and 134°F in Death Valley. What are these temperatures in °C and in K?
Verified step by step guidance1
Step 1: Recall the formula to convert temperatures from Fahrenheit (°F) to Celsius (°C): . Here, is the temperature in Fahrenheit.
Step 2: Substitute the lowest temperature, −129°F, into the formula: . Simplify the expression to find the corresponding temperature in Celsius.
Step 3: Substitute the highest temperature, 134°F, into the same formula: . Simplify the expression to find the corresponding temperature in Celsius.
Step 4: Recall the formula to convert temperatures from Celsius (°C) to Kelvin (K): . Use this formula to convert the lowest temperature in Celsius to Kelvin.
Step 5: Similarly, use the same formula to convert the highest temperature in Celsius to Kelvin. This will give you the temperatures in both °C and K for the lowest and highest recorded natural temperatures on Earth.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Temperature Conversion
Temperature can be expressed in different scales, primarily Celsius (°C), Fahrenheit (°F), and Kelvin (K). To convert from Fahrenheit to Celsius, the formula is °C = (°F - 32) × 5/9. For Kelvin, the conversion from Celsius is K = °C + 273.15. Understanding these conversions is essential for accurately interpreting temperature readings across different systems.
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Unit Conversions
Absolute Zero
Absolute zero is the theoretical lowest temperature possible, defined as 0 K or -273.15°C. At this temperature, the motion of atoms theoretically comes to a complete stop. This concept is crucial when discussing temperature scales, as Kelvin is an absolute scale starting from absolute zero, while Celsius and Fahrenheit are relative scales based on the properties of water.
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Thermal Energy and States of Matter
Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of particles in a substance, influencing its state of matter (solid, liquid, gas). At extremely low temperatures, such as -129°F, substances can become solid, while at high temperatures like 134°F, they may exist as gases. Understanding the relationship between temperature and thermal energy helps in grasping the physical behavior of materials under varying conditions.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question
A surveyor has a steel measuring tape that is calibrated to be 100.000 m long (i.e., accurate to ±1 mm) at 20°C. If she measures the distance between two stakes to be 65.175 m on a 3°C day, does she need to add or subtract a correction factor to get the true distance? How large, in mm, is the correction factor?
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Textbook Question
A demented scientist creates a new temperature scale, the 'Z scale.' He decides to call the boiling point of nitrogen 0°Z and the melting point of iron 1000°Z. Convert 500°Z to degrees Celsius and to kelvins.
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Textbook Question
The nucleus of a uranium atom has a diameter of 1.5×10−14 m and a mass of 4.0×10−25 kg . What is the density of the nucleus?
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Textbook Question
At room temperature (20°C), a 5.0-cm-long brass rod is 20 μm too long to fit into a slot. To what temperature should you cool the rod so that it just barely fits?
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Textbook Question
An element in its solid phase has mass density 1750 kg/m3 and number density 4.39×1028 atoms/m3. What is the element's atomic mass number?
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