Textbook Question
Give the charge most likely to result from ionization of the following nonmetals.
(b) Sulfur
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Ch. 2 - General Chemistry Translated: Finding the Electrons
Mullins1st EditionOrganic Chemistry: A Learner Centered ApproachISBN: 9780137566471
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Table of contents
- Ch. 2 - General Chemistry Translated: Finding the Electrons114
- Ch. 3 - Alkanes and Cycloalkanes: Properties and Conformational Analysis109
- Ch. 4 - Acids and Bases: Electron Flow144
- Ch. 5 - Chemical Reaction Analysis: Thermodynamics and Kinetics118
- Ch. 6 - Stereoisomerism: Arrangement of Atoms in Space112
- Ch. 7 - Principles of Green (Organic) Chemistry3
- Ch. 8 - Alkenes I: Properties and Electrophilic Additions158
- Ch. 9 - Alkenes II: Oxidation and Reduction150
- Ch. 10 - Alkynes: Electrophilic Addition and Redox Reactions101
- Ch. 11 - Properties and Synthesis of Alkyl Halides: Radical Reactions108
- Ch. 12 - Substitution and Elimination: Reactions of Haloalkanes172
- Ch. 13 - Alcohols, Ethers and Related Compounds: Substitution and Elimination239
- Ch. 14 - Structural Identification I: Infrared Spectroscopy and Mass Spectrometry54
- Ch. 15 - Structural Identification II: Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy93
- Ch. 16 - Metals in Organic Chemistry48
- Ch. 17 - Carbonyl Addition Reactions: Aldehydes and Ketones45
- Ch. 18 - Nucleophilic Acyl Substitution I: Carboxylic Acids18
- Ch. 19 - Nucleophilic Acyl Substitution II: Carboxylic Acid Derivatives39
- Ch. 20 - Enolates: Carbonyl Addition and Substitution13
- Ch. 21 - Conjugated Systems I: Stability and Addition Reactions56
- Ch. 22 - Conjugated Systems II: Pericyclic Reactions54
- Ch. 23 - Benzene I: Aromatic Stability and Substitution Reactions64
- Ch. 24 - Benzene II: Reactions Influenced by the Aromatic Ring62
- Ch. 25 - Amines: Structure, Reactions, and Synthesis27
- Ch. 26 - Amino Acids, Proteins, and Peptide Synthesis9
- Ch. 27 - Carbohydrates, Nucleic Acids, and Lipids54
Mullins1st EditionOrganic Chemistry: A Learner Centered ApproachISBN: 9780137566471Not the one you use?Change textbook
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Mullins 1st EditionCh. 2 - General Chemistry Translated: Finding the ElectronsProblem 16c
Mullins 1st EditionCh. 2 - General Chemistry Translated: Finding the ElectronsProblem 16cChapter 1, Problem 16c
Give the charge most likely to result from ionization of the following metals.
(c) Potassium
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Identify the group of the periodic table where potassium (K) is located. Potassium is an alkali metal, which belongs to Group 1 of the periodic table.
Recall that elements in Group 1 have one valence electron in their outermost shell. This electron is relatively easy to lose during ionization because it is weakly held by the nucleus.
Understand that when potassium loses its single valence electron, it achieves a stable electron configuration similar to the nearest noble gas, argon (Ar). This is known as the octet rule.
Write the ionization process for potassium: K → K⁺ + e⁻. Here, potassium loses one electron to form a positively charged ion (cation) with a +1 charge.
Conclude that the most likely charge resulting from the ionization of potassium is +1, as this is the stable state achieved by losing its single valence electron.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Ionization Energy
Ionization energy is the energy required to remove an electron from an atom or ion. For metals, this energy is typically lower, allowing them to lose electrons easily and form positive ions. Understanding ionization energy helps predict how readily a metal will ionize and the charge of the resulting ion.
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Ionization Potentials
Cation Formation
Cation formation refers to the process by which an atom loses one or more electrons, resulting in a positively charged ion. Metals, such as potassium, tend to lose their outermost electron to achieve a stable electron configuration, often resembling that of the nearest noble gas. This process is crucial for determining the charge of the ion formed.
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Group Trends in the Periodic Table
The periodic table is organized into groups, which share similar chemical properties. Potassium is in Group 1 (alkali metals), which typically have a +1 charge when ionized. Recognizing these group trends allows for predicting the charge of ions formed by elements based on their position in the periodic table.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question
Give the charge most likely to result from ionization of the following metals.
(a) Lithium
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Textbook Question
Show the ionic compound that you would expect to form between the given metal and nonmetal. Label the charges on each species.
(a) Al and F
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Textbook Question
Show the ionic compound that you would expect to form between the given metal and nonmetal. Label the charges on each species.
(b) Mg and Br
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Textbook Question
Give the charge most likely to result from ionization of the following metals.
(b) Aluminum
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Textbook Question
How many electrons does an atom of each of the following elements need to gain to achieve a noble gas configuration? By gaining that many electrons, which noble gas configuration is achieved?
(d) Chlorine
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