Textbook Question
How many electrons does an atom of each of the following elements need to gain to achieve a noble gas configuration? By gaining that many electrons, which noble gas configuration is achieved?
(b) Iodine
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Ch. 2 - General Chemistry Translated: Finding the Electrons
Mullins1st EditionOrganic Chemistry: A Learner Centered ApproachISBN: 9780137566471
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Table of contents
- Ch. 2 - General Chemistry Translated: Finding the Electrons114
- Ch. 3 - Alkanes and Cycloalkanes: Properties and Conformational Analysis109
- Ch. 4 - Acids and Bases: Electron Flow144
- Ch. 5 - Chemical Reaction Analysis: Thermodynamics and Kinetics118
- Ch. 6 - Stereoisomerism: Arrangement of Atoms in Space112
- Ch. 7 - Principles of Green (Organic) Chemistry3
- Ch. 8 - Alkenes I: Properties and Electrophilic Additions158
- Ch. 9 - Alkenes II: Oxidation and Reduction150
- Ch. 10 - Alkynes: Electrophilic Addition and Redox Reactions101
- Ch. 11 - Properties and Synthesis of Alkyl Halides: Radical Reactions108
- Ch. 12 - Substitution and Elimination: Reactions of Haloalkanes172
- Ch. 13 - Alcohols, Ethers and Related Compounds: Substitution and Elimination239
- Ch. 14 - Structural Identification I: Infrared Spectroscopy and Mass Spectrometry54
- Ch. 15 - Structural Identification II: Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy93
- Ch. 16 - Metals in Organic Chemistry48
- Ch. 17 - Carbonyl Addition Reactions: Aldehydes and Ketones45
- Ch. 18 - Nucleophilic Acyl Substitution I: Carboxylic Acids18
- Ch. 19 - Nucleophilic Acyl Substitution II: Carboxylic Acid Derivatives39
- Ch. 20 - Enolates: Carbonyl Addition and Substitution13
- Ch. 21 - Conjugated Systems I: Stability and Addition Reactions56
- Ch. 22 - Conjugated Systems II: Pericyclic Reactions54
- Ch. 23 - Benzene I: Aromatic Stability and Substitution Reactions64
- Ch. 24 - Benzene II: Reactions Influenced by the Aromatic Ring62
- Ch. 25 - Amines: Structure, Reactions, and Synthesis27
- Ch. 26 - Amino Acids, Proteins, and Peptide Synthesis9
- Ch. 27 - Carbohydrates, Nucleic Acids, and Lipids54
Mullins1st EditionOrganic Chemistry: A Learner Centered ApproachISBN: 9780137566471Not the one you use?Change textbook
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Mullins 1st EditionCh. 2 - General Chemistry Translated: Finding the ElectronsProblem 16a
Mullins 1st EditionCh. 2 - General Chemistry Translated: Finding the ElectronsProblem 16aChapter 1, Problem 16a
Give the charge most likely to result from ionization of the following metals.
(a) Lithium
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Identify the group in the periodic table where lithium is located. Lithium is an alkali metal and belongs to Group 1.
Recall that elements in Group 1 have one valence electron in their outermost shell, which they tend to lose during ionization to achieve a stable noble gas electron configuration.
Write the electron configuration of lithium: Li = 1s² 2s¹. Notice that losing the single 2s electron will result in a stable configuration resembling helium (1s²).
Determine the charge of the ion formed when lithium loses one electron. Losing one negatively charged electron results in a +1 charge on the lithium ion.
Conclude that the most likely charge resulting from the ionization of lithium is +1, as this allows it to achieve a stable electronic configuration.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Ionization Energy
Ionization energy is the energy required to remove an electron from an atom or ion. For metals, this energy is typically lower than for nonmetals, allowing them to lose electrons easily. Lithium, being an alkali metal, has a relatively low ionization energy, which facilitates its ionization to form a positively charged ion.
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Ionization Potentials
Cation Formation
Cation formation occurs when an atom loses one or more electrons, resulting in a positively charged ion. In the case of lithium, it tends to lose one electron to achieve a stable electron configuration similar to that of noble gases. This process is crucial for understanding the behavior of metals in chemical reactions.
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Charge of Alkali Metals
Alkali metals, including lithium, typically form cations with a +1 charge upon ionization. This is due to their single valence electron, which they readily lose to achieve a stable electronic configuration. Understanding this characteristic is essential for predicting the behavior of lithium in chemical reactions and its interactions with other elements.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question
Give the charge most likely to result from ionization of the following nonmetals.
(b) Sulfur
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Textbook Question
How many electrons does an atom of each of the following elements need to gain to achieve a noble gas configuration? By gaining that many electrons, which noble gas configuration is achieved?
(c) Phosphorus
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Textbook Question
Give the charge most likely to result from ionization of the following metals.
(b) Aluminum
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Textbook Question
Give the charge most likely to result from ionization of the following metals.
(c) Potassium
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Textbook Question
How many electrons does an atom of each of the following elements need to gain to achieve a noble gas configuration? By gaining that many electrons, which noble gas configuration is achieved?
(d) Chlorine
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