Textbook Question
Butyric acid, the compound responsible for the unpleasant odor and taste of sour milk, has a pKa value of 4.82. What is its Ka value? Is it a stronger acid or a weaker acid than vitamin C?
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Ch. 2 - Acids and Bases: Central to Understanding Organic Chemistry
Bruice8th EditionOrganic ChemistryISBN: 9780135213711
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Table of contents
- Ch. 1 - Remembering General Chemistry: Electronic Structure and Bonding (Part 1)31
- Ch. 1 - Remembering General Chemistry: Electronic Structure and Bonding (Part 2)65
- Ch. 2 - Acids and Bases: Central to Understanding Organic Chemistry84
- Ch. 3 - An Introduction to Organic Compounds:Nomenclature, Physical Properties, and Structure183
- Ch. 4 - Isomers: The Arrangement of Atoms in Space121
- Ch. 5 - Alkenes: Structure, Nomenclature, and an Introduction to Reactivity • Thermodynamics and Kinetics83
- Ch. 6 - The Reactions of Alkenes • The Stereochemistry of Addition Reactions175
- Ch. 7 - The Reactions of Alkynes • An Introduction to Multistep Synthesis119
- Ch. 8 - Delocalized Electrons: Their Effect on Stability, pKa, and the Products of a Reaction • Aromaticity and Electronic Effects: An Introduction to the Reactions of Benzene148
- Ch. 9 - Substitution and Elimination Reactions of Alkyl Halides212
- Ch. 10 - Reactions of Alcohols, Ethers, Epoxides, Amines, and Sulfur-Containing Compounds131
- Ch. 11 - Organometallic Compounds60
- Ch. 12 - Radicals90
- Ch. 13 - Mass Spectrometry; Infrared Spectroscopy; UV/Vis Spectroscopy62
- Ch. 14 - NMR Spectroscopy95
- Ch. 15 - Reactions of Carboxylic Acids and Carboxylic Acid Derivatives123
- Ch. 16 - Reactions of Aldehydes and Ketones • More Reactions of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives141
- Ch. 17 - Reactions at the Alpha-Carbon101
- Ch. 18 - Reactions of Benzene and Substituted Benzenes144
- Ch. 19 - More About Amines • Reactions of Heterocyclic Compounds49
- Ch. 20 - The Organic Chemistry of Carbohydrates80
- Ch. 21 - Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins57
- Ch. 22 - Catalysis in Organic Reactions and in Enzymatic Reactions35
- Ch. 23 - The Organic Chemistry of the Coenzymes—Compounds Derived from Vitamins1
- Ch. 28 - Pericyclic Reactions58
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Bruice 8th EditionCh. 2 - Acids and Bases: Central to Understanding Organic ChemistryProblem 8a
Bruice 8th EditionCh. 2 - Acids and Bases: Central to Understanding Organic ChemistryProblem 8aChapter 3, Problem 8a
Antacids are compounds that neutralize stomach acid. Write the equations that show how Milk of Magnesia, Alka-Seltzer, and Tums remove excess acid.
a. Milk of Magnesia: Mg(OH)2
b. Alka-Seltzer: KHCO3 and NaHCO3
c. Tums: CaCO3
Verified step by step guidance1
Step 1: Understand the problem. The question asks for the chemical equations that show how the active ingredients in Milk of Magnesia, Alka-Seltzer, and Tums neutralize stomach acid (HCl). Neutralization reactions involve an acid (HCl) reacting with a base to form water and a salt (or other products).
Step 2: Write the equation for Milk of Magnesia (Mg(OH)2). Magnesium hydroxide reacts with hydrochloric acid (HCl) in a 1:2 molar ratio. The reaction is: .
Step 3: Write the equation for Alka-Seltzer (KHCO3 and NaHCO3). Both potassium bicarbonate and sodium bicarbonate react with HCl in a 1:1 molar ratio to produce carbon dioxide (CO2), water (H2O), and a salt. For KHCO3: . For NaHCO3: .
Step 4: Write the equation for Tums (CaCO3). Calcium carbonate reacts with HCl in a 1:2 molar ratio to produce calcium chloride (CaCl2), water (H2O), and carbon dioxide (CO2). The reaction is: .
Step 5: Summarize the reactions. Each antacid neutralizes stomach acid by reacting with HCl to form water, a salt, and sometimes carbon dioxide. These reactions reduce the acidity in the stomach, providing relief from symptoms like heartburn.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Acid-Base Neutralization
Acid-base neutralization is a chemical reaction where an acid reacts with a base to produce water and a salt. In the context of antacids, the base component of the antacid reacts with hydrochloric acid (HCl) in the stomach, effectively reducing acidity. This reaction is crucial for understanding how antacids alleviate symptoms of heartburn and indigestion.
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The Lewis definition of acids and bases.
Chemical Equations
Chemical equations represent the reactants and products in a chemical reaction using their chemical formulas. For antacids, writing balanced equations shows how each compound interacts with stomach acid. Understanding how to balance these equations is essential for accurately depicting the stoichiometry of the neutralization reactions.
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Common Antacid Compounds
Common antacid compounds include magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)2), potassium bicarbonate (KHCO3), sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3), and calcium carbonate (CaCO3). Each of these compounds has a specific mechanism for neutralizing stomach acid, and knowing their chemical properties helps in predicting the outcomes of their reactions with HCl. This knowledge is vital for writing the correct chemical equations for each antacid.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question
Draw the conjugate acid of each of the following:
a. CH3CH2OH
b. CH3CH2O−
c.
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Textbook Question
a. Which is a stronger acid: one with a pKa of 5.2 or one with a pKa of 5.8?
b. Which is a stronger acid: one with an acid dissociation constant of 3.4 × 10−3 or one with an acid dissociation constant of 2.1 × 10−4?
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Textbook Question
a. Which is a stronger base: CH3COO− or HCOO−? (The pKa of CH3COOH is 4.8; the pKa of HCOOH is 3.8.)
b. Which is a stronger base: HO− or -NH2? (The pKa of H2O is 15.7; the pKa of NH3 is 36.)
c. Which is a stronger base: H2O or CH3OH? (The pKa of H3O+ is −1.7; the pKa of CH3O+H2 is −2.5.)
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Textbook Question
Estimate the pKa values of the following compounds:
c. CH3CH2COOH
d. CH3CH2CH2N+H3
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Textbook Question
An acid has a Ka of 4.53 × 10−6 in water. What is its Keq for reaction with water in a dilute solution? ([H2O] = 55.5 M)
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