13. Alcohols and Carbonyl Compounds

Calculate the oxidation numbers for the indicated atoms.

(d)

Calculate the oxidation number of the indicated atoms in the following reaction.

Identify the following reactions as oxidation or reduction (based on what happens to the organic molecule).

(b)

Calculate the oxidation number for the indicated carbons.

(a)

During an oxidation reaction, there must also be a reduction. What is reduced in the Pinnick oxidation?

Determine the oxidation number of each carbon indicated by an arrow.

(e)

Classify each reaction as an oxidation, a reduction, or neither.

(d)

(e)

(f)

Which of the following is not a good biological oxidizing agent?

Use oxidation numbers to determine whether the following are redox reactions.

(b)

Determine the oxidation number of each carbon indicated by an arrow.

(f)

Determine the oxidation number of each carbon indicated by an arrow.

(c)

Determine whether the following reactions are redox reactions. If they are, identify whether the molecule has been oxidized or reduced.

(a)

Which of the following are the reduced forms of the electron carriers ${\mathrm{NAD}}^{+}$ and ${\mathrm{FAD}}^{+}$?

Determine whether the following reactions are redox reactions. If they are, identify whether the molecule has been oxidized or reduced.

(b)

Which of the reactions studied in this chapter result in oxidation of the organic molecule? Justify your answer.

(c)