Textbook Question
How does nephelometry differ from turbidimetry?
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Ch. 17 - Immunization and Immune Testing
Bauman6th EditionMicrobiology with Diseases by TaxonomyISBN: 9780134832302
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Table of contents
- Ch. 1 - A Brief History of Microbiology31
- Ch. 2 - The Chemistry of Microbiology28
- Ch. 3 - Cell Structure and Function39
- Ch. 4 - Microscopy, Staining, and Classification25
- Ch. 5 - Microbial Metabolism51
- Ch. 6 - Microbial Nutrition and Growth37
- Ch. 7 - Microbial Genetics51
- Ch. 8 - Recombinant DNA Technology21
- Ch. 9 - Controlling Microbial Growth in the Environment36
- Ch. 10 - Controlling Microbial Growth in the Body: Antimicrobial Drugs21
- Ch. 11 - Characterizing and Classifying Prokaryotes29
- Ch. 12 - Characterizing and Classifying Eukaryotes34
- Ch. 13 - Characterizing and Classifying Viruses, Viroids, and Prions23
- Ch. 14 - Infection, Infectious Diseases, and Epidemiology35
- Ch. 15 - Innate Immunity34
- Ch. 16 - Adaptive Immunity21
- Ch. 17 - Immunization and Immune Testing29
- Ch. 18 - Immune Disorders22
- Ch. 19 - Pathogenic Gram-Positive Bacteria25
- Ch. 20 - Pathogenic Gram-Negative Cocci and Bacilli28
- Ch. 21 - Rickettsias, Chlamydias, Spirochetes, and Vibrios25
- Ch. 22 - Pathogenic Fungi47
- Ch. 23 - Parasitic Protozoa, Helminths, and Arthropod Vectors44
- Ch. 24 - Pathogenic DNA Viruses23
- Ch. 25 - Pathogenic RNA Viruses30
- Ch. 26 - Applied and Industrial Microbiology29
- Ch. 27 - Microbial Ecology and Microbiomes22
Bauman6th EditionMicrobiology with Diseases by TaxonomyISBN: 9780134832302Not the one you use?Change textbook
Chapter 17, Problem 10
Which of the following is a good test to detect rabies virus in the brain of a dog?
a. Agglutination
b. Hemagglutination inhibition
c. Virus neutralization
d. Direct fluorescent antibody
Verified step by step guidance1
Understand the nature of the rabies virus and where it is typically detected in an infected animal. Rabies virus primarily infects the central nervous system, so testing brain tissue is common for diagnosis.
Review the principles of each test option: Agglutination tests detect antibodies or antigens by clumping; Hemagglutination inhibition measures the ability of antibodies to prevent virus-induced clumping of red blood cells; Virus neutralization tests assess the ability of antibodies to neutralize virus infectivity; Direct fluorescent antibody (DFA) test uses fluorescently labeled antibodies to detect viral antigens directly in tissue samples.
Consider which test is most suitable for detecting viral antigens directly in brain tissue. The DFA test is widely used for rabies diagnosis because it can detect rabies virus antigens in brain smears quickly and with high specificity.
Eliminate options that are more suited for detecting antibodies in serum rather than viral antigens in tissue. Agglutination, hemagglutination inhibition, and virus neutralization are primarily serological tests and less practical for direct detection in brain tissue.
Conclude that the Direct fluorescent antibody (DFA) test is the preferred and standard diagnostic method for detecting rabies virus in brain tissue of animals.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Rabies Virus Detection Methods
Detecting rabies virus in brain tissue requires sensitive and specific tests. Common methods include direct fluorescent antibody (DFA) testing, which identifies viral antigens in tissue samples, and other serological tests that detect antibodies or viral particles. Understanding these methods helps determine the most reliable diagnostic approach.
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Direct Fluorescent Antibody (DFA) Test
The DFA test uses fluorescently labeled antibodies that bind specifically to rabies virus antigens in brain tissue. Under a fluorescence microscope, infected cells emit bright signals, allowing rapid and accurate detection. It is considered the gold standard for post-mortem rabies diagnosis in animals.
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Limitations of Agglutination and Neutralization Tests in Rabies Diagnosis
Agglutination and virus neutralization tests primarily detect antibodies in serum, not viral antigens in tissues. Hemagglutination inhibition is used for viruses that cause red blood cell clumping, which rabies virus does not. These tests are less suitable for direct detection of rabies virus in brain samples.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question
A direct fluorescent immunoassay requires which of the following?
a. Heat-inactivated serum
b. Fluorescent serum
c. Immune complexes
d. Antibodies against the antigen
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Textbook Question
An antiserum is:
a. An anti-antibody
b. An inactivated vaccine
c. Formed of monoclonal antibodies
d. The liquid portion of blood used for immunization
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Textbook Question
Monoclonal antibodies:
a. Are produced by hybridomas
b. Are secreted by clone cells
c. Can be used for passive immunization
d. All of the above
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Textbook Question
An ELISA uses which of the following reagents?
a. Enzyme-labeled anti-antibody
b. Radioactive anti-antibody
c. Source of complement
d. Enzyme-labeled antigen
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Textbook Question
Attenuation is:
a. The process of reducing virulence
b. A necessary step in vaccine manufacture
c. A form of variolation
d. Similar to an adjuvant
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