Textbook Question
Given that resistant strains of pathogens are a concern to the general health of a population, what can be done to prevent their development?
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Ch. 10 - Controlling Microbial Growth in the Body: Antimicrobial Drugs
Bauman6th EditionMicrobiology with Diseases by TaxonomyISBN: 9780134832302
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Table of contents
- Ch. 1 - A Brief History of Microbiology31
- Ch. 2 - The Chemistry of Microbiology28
- Ch. 3 - Cell Structure and Function39
- Ch. 4 - Microscopy, Staining, and Classification25
- Ch. 5 - Microbial Metabolism51
- Ch. 6 - Microbial Nutrition and Growth37
- Ch. 7 - Microbial Genetics51
- Ch. 8 - Recombinant DNA Technology21
- Ch. 9 - Controlling Microbial Growth in the Environment36
- Ch. 10 - Controlling Microbial Growth in the Body: Antimicrobial Drugs21
- Ch. 11 - Characterizing and Classifying Prokaryotes29
- Ch. 12 - Characterizing and Classifying Eukaryotes34
- Ch. 13 - Characterizing and Classifying Viruses, Viroids, and Prions23
- Ch. 14 - Infection, Infectious Diseases, and Epidemiology35
- Ch. 15 - Innate Immunity34
- Ch. 16 - Adaptive Immunity21
- Ch. 17 - Immunization and Immune Testing29
- Ch. 18 - Immune Disorders22
- Ch. 19 - Pathogenic Gram-Positive Bacteria25
- Ch. 20 - Pathogenic Gram-Negative Cocci and Bacilli28
- Ch. 21 - Rickettsias, Chlamydias, Spirochetes, and Vibrios25
- Ch. 22 - Pathogenic Fungi47
- Ch. 23 - Parasitic Protozoa, Helminths, and Arthropod Vectors44
- Ch. 24 - Pathogenic DNA Viruses23
- Ch. 25 - Pathogenic RNA Viruses30
- Ch. 26 - Applied and Industrial Microbiology29
- Ch. 27 - Microbial Ecology and Microbiomes22
Bauman6th EditionMicrobiology with Diseases by TaxonomyISBN: 9780134832302Not the one you use?Change textbook
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Bauman 6th EditionCh. 10 - Controlling Microbial Growth in the Body: Antimicrobial DrugsProblem 5
Bauman 6th EditionCh. 10 - Controlling Microbial Growth in the Body: Antimicrobial DrugsProblem 5Chapter 10, Problem 5
Cross resistance is __________ .
a. The deactivation of an antimicrobial agent by a bacterial enzyme
b. Alteration of the resistant cells so that an antimicrobial agent cannot attach
c. The mutation of genes that affect the cytoplasmic membrane channels so that antimicrobial agents cannot cross into the cell’s interior
d. Resistance to one antimicrobial agent because of its similarity to another antimicrobial agent
Verified step by step guidance1
Step 1: Understand the concept of antimicrobial resistance mechanisms. These include enzymatic deactivation, alteration of target sites, changes in membrane permeability, and cross resistance.
Step 2: Review each option carefully and identify what each describes: (a) enzymatic deactivation, (b) alteration of target sites preventing attachment, (c) mutation affecting membrane channels, and (d) resistance due to similarity between antimicrobial agents.
Step 3: Recall that cross resistance refers to a situation where resistance to one antimicrobial agent confers resistance to another agent, usually because the two agents are structurally or functionally similar.
Step 4: Match the definition of cross resistance to the options given. The correct description should involve resistance to one agent because of its similarity to another agent.
Step 5: Conclude that the option describing resistance to one antimicrobial agent due to its similarity to another (option d) best fits the definition of cross resistance.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Antimicrobial Resistance Mechanisms
Antimicrobial resistance occurs when bacteria evolve ways to survive exposure to drugs designed to kill them. Common mechanisms include enzymatic deactivation of drugs, alteration of drug targets, and changes in membrane permeability, all of which reduce drug effectiveness.
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Antimicrobial Peptides
Cross Resistance
Cross resistance refers to a situation where resistance to one antimicrobial agent confers resistance to another, usually because the drugs have similar structures or mechanisms of action. This means that bacteria resistant to one drug may also be resistant to related drugs.
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05:31Which Molecules Freely Cross Membranes?
Mutation and Genetic Adaptation in Bacteria
Bacterial mutations can alter genes that affect drug uptake or target sites, leading to resistance. These genetic changes can modify membrane channels or enzymes, preventing antimicrobial agents from entering the cell or binding effectively.
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08:44Types of Mutations
Related Practice
Textbook Question
Which of the following is most closely associated with a beta-lactam ring?
a. Penicillin
b. Vancomycin
c. Bacitracin
d. Isoniazid
Textbook Question
Given that both human cells and pathogens synthesize proteins at ribosomal sites, how can antimicrobial agents that target this process be safe to use in humans?
Textbook Question
Multiple-drug-resistant microbes _____________________ .
a. Are resistant to all antimicrobial agents
b. Respond to new antimicrobials by developing resistance
c. Frequently develop in hospitals
d. All of the above
Textbook Question
Which of the following statements is relevant in explaining why sulfonamides are effective?
a. Sulfonamides attach to sterol lipids in the pathogen, disrupt the membranes, and lyse the cells.
b. Sulfonamides prevent the incorporation of amino acids into polypeptide chains.
c. Humans and microbes use PABA differently in their metabolism.
d. Sulfonamides inhibit DNA replication in both pathogens and human cells.
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Textbook Question
Support or refute the following statement: Antimicrobial agents make cells become resistant.
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