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Ch. 17 - Adaptive Immunity: Specific Defenses of the Host
Tortora - Microbiology: An Introduction 14th Edition
Tortora14th EditionMicrobiology: An IntroductionISBN: 9780138200398Not the one you use?Change textbook
All textbooksTortora 14th EditionCh. 17 - Adaptive Immunity: Specific Defenses of the HostProblem 1
Chapter 17, Problem 1

Match the following choices to questions 1–4:
a. Innate resistance
b. Naturally acquired active immunity
c. Naturally acquired passive immunity
d. Artificially acquired active immunity
e. Artificially acquired passive immunity
The type of protection provided by the injection of diphtheria toxoid.

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Step 1: Understand the key terms related to immunity. 'Innate resistance' refers to natural, non-specific defense mechanisms present from birth. 'Naturally acquired active immunity' occurs when a person is exposed to a live pathogen and develops immunity through their own immune response. 'Naturally acquired passive immunity' involves the transfer of antibodies from mother to child, such as through breast milk. 'Artificially acquired active immunity' is immunity developed after exposure to a vaccine containing an antigen, stimulating the body's own immune response. 'Artificially acquired passive immunity' involves the injection of pre-formed antibodies, such as antiserum.
Step 2: Identify what diphtheria toxoid is. It is an inactivated toxin used as a vaccine to stimulate the immune system without causing disease.
Step 3: Determine the type of immunity generated by the injection of diphtheria toxoid. Since it involves a vaccine that prompts the body to produce its own antibodies, it is an example of active immunity.
Step 4: Decide whether this immunity is naturally or artificially acquired. Because the immunity is induced by a vaccine (an artificial method), it is artificially acquired.
Step 5: Combine these insights to match the correct choice. The injection of diphtheria toxoid corresponds to artificially acquired active immunity, which is option 'd'.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Active Immunity

Active immunity occurs when exposure to a pathogen or its antigen stimulates the body's immune system to produce antibodies and memory cells. This immunity can be naturally acquired through infection or artificially acquired through vaccination, providing long-lasting protection.
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Diphtheria Toxoid Vaccine

Diphtheria toxoid is an inactivated toxin used in vaccines to safely stimulate the immune system without causing disease. Injection of this toxoid triggers the body to develop active immunity by producing specific antibodies against diphtheria toxin.
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Artificially Acquired Immunity

Artificially acquired immunity results from deliberate exposure to antigens via vaccination or antibody injection. When the immune system is stimulated by a vaccine like diphtheria toxoid, it develops active immunity, whereas passive immunity involves receiving antibodies directly.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question

Match the following choices to questions 1–4:

a. Innate resistance

b. Naturally acquired active immunity

c. Naturally acquired passive immunity

d. Artificially acquired active immunity

e. Artificially acquired passive immunity

The type of protection resulting from recovery from an infection.

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Textbook Question

What does MHC stand for? What is the function of MHC? What types of T cells interact with MHC class I? With MHC class II?

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Textbook Question

Contrast the terms in the following pairs:

a. Innate and adaptive immunity

b. Humoral and cellular immunity

c. Active and passive immunity

d. TH1 and TH2 cells

e. Natural and artificial immunity

f. T-dependent and T-independent antigens

g. Immunoglobulin and TCR

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