Q: For the following molecular geometries, give the possible bond angles in each: (a) linear; (b) trigonal bipyramidal; (c) square pyramidal; (d) bent.

(a) 180^\circ; (b) 90^\circ, 120^\circ, \text{and } 180^\circ; (c) 90^\circ \text{ and } 180^\circ; (d) 109.5^\circ

Question 1

For the ions shown in the first image, identify the central atom and the number of electron domains for each ion (from left to right).

Accepted Answer

i) C, 3; ii) N, 5; iii) P, 6

Question 2

Which of the following statements is true regarding the extent of orbital overlap in the molecules F$$_2$$, ClF, BrF, and IF?

Accepted Answer

The order for the extent of orbital overlap is I-F \u003c Br-F \u003c Cl-F \u003c F-F because the extent of orbital overlap is inversely proportional to the distance between atoms.

Question 3

Determine the number of electron groups around each central atom for the following geometries: (i) trigonal pyramidal, (ii) seesaw, (iii) square planar, (iv) T-shaped, (v) linear, (vi) trigonal planar.

Accepted Answer

(i) 4; (ii) 5; (iii) 6; (iv) 5; (v) 2 or 5; (vi) 3

Question 4

How many electron groups are around the central selenium atom in the selenate (SeO$$_4$$^{2-}$$) anion? Which shape best describes the arrangement of electron groups around the central atom?

Accepted Answer

4; Tetrahedral

Question 5

A compound Y is formed from the reaction of gaseous bromine and gaseous fluorine and is composed of 45.687% Br and 54.313% F by mass. What is the geometry of the central atom in Y?

Accepted Answer

Square pyramidal

Question 6

Which Lewis structure and geometry correctly represent the IBr$$_2^-$$ ion?

Accepted Answer

Linear

Question 7

Determine the molecular shape of the following molecules: 1. O$$_3$$, 2. NO$$_2^-$$, 3. POCl$$_3$$, 4. BrF$$_3$$, 5. NH$$_3.$$

Accepted Answer

Bent, Bent, Tetrahedral, T-shaped, Trigonal pyramidal

Question 8

For the following molecular geometries, give the possible bond angles in each: (a) linear; (b) trigonal bipyramidal; (c) square pyramidal; (d) bent.

Accepted Answer

(a) 180^\circ; (b) 90^\circ, 120^\circ, 	ext{and } 180^\circ; (c) 90^\circ 	ext{ and } 180^\circ; (d) 109.5^\circ

Question 9

For which of the following molecules can you estimate the bond angles around the central atom with certainty, and for which would you be unsure? (a) SiF$$_4$$, (b) SCl$$_4$$, (c) CHCl$$_3$$, (d) H$$_2O$$, (e) BF$$_3.$$

Accepted Answer

With certainty: (a), (e); unsure: (b), (c), (d)

Question 10

In the hydrocarbon shown in the image, which labeled bond angles represent a 120$$^\circ$$ bond angle?

Accepted Answer

B, C, D, and E

Question 11

Given the partial structure of niflumic acid, what is the total number of $$\sigma$$ and $$\pi$$ bonds, and what is the hybridization of C, N, and O atoms containing double bonds?

Accepted Answer

23 $$\sigma$$ bonds & 14 $$\pi$$ bonds; Hybridization: C, N, and O containing double bonds: sp$$^2$$

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why the bond angle in water (H$$_2O) is $$less than the ideal tetrahedral angle?

Accepted Answer

Lone pairs on oxygen repel the bonding pairs more strongly, reducing the bond angle below 109.5$$^\circ.$$

Question 13

Which hybridization corresponds to a central atom with a trigonal bipyramidal electron geometry?

Accepted Answer

sp$$^3d$$

Question 14

Which of the following molecules has a T-shaped molecular geometry?

Accepted Answer

BrF$$_3$$

Question 15

Which statement best describes the difference between electron geometry and molecular geometry?

Accepted Answer

Electron geometry considers all electron groups (bonding and lone pairs), while molecular geometry considers only the arrangement of atoms.

Question 16

Which of the following molecules is expected to have bond angles of exactly 120$$^\circ$$?

Accepted Answer

BF$$_3$$

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