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Ch. 5 - Integration
Briggs - Calculus: Early Transcendentals 3rd Edition
Briggs3rd EditionCalculus: Early TranscendentalsISBN: 9780136847243Not the one you use?Change textbook
All textbooksBriggs 3rd EditionCh. 5 - IntegrationProblem 5.2.75a
Chapter 5, Problem 5.2.75a

{Use of Tech} Midpoint Riemann sums with a calculator Consider the following definite integrals.
(a) Write the midpoint Riemann sum in sigma notation for an arbitrary value of n.


βˆ«β‚β΄ 2βˆšπ“ d𝓍

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Step 1: Understand the problem. A midpoint Riemann sum approximates the value of a definite integral by dividing the interval into n subintervals, calculating the function value at the midpoint of each subinterval, and summing the areas of the rectangles formed.
Step 2: Define the interval and subintervals. The integral βˆ«β‚β΄ 2βˆšπ“ d𝓍 is over the interval [1, 4]. Divide this interval into n subintervals of equal width Δ𝓍 = (4 - 1)/n = 3/n.
Step 3: Determine the midpoints of the subintervals. The midpoint of the i-th subinterval is given by 𝓍ᡒ = 1 + (i - 0.5)Δ𝓍, where i ranges from 1 to n.
Step 4: Write the function value at the midpoint. The function being integrated is f(𝓍) = 2βˆšπ“. At the midpoint 𝓍ᡒ, the function value is f(𝓍ᡒ) = 2√(1 + (i - 0.5)Δ𝓍).
Step 5: Express the midpoint Riemann sum in sigma notation. The sum is approximated as Sβ‚™ = Ξ£ (from i=1 to n) [f(𝓍ᡒ) * Δ𝓍], which becomes Sβ‚™ = Ξ£ (from i=1 to n) [2√(1 + (i - 0.5)(3/n)) * (3/n)].

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Midpoint Riemann Sum

A Midpoint Riemann Sum is a method for approximating the value of a definite integral. It involves dividing the interval into 'n' subintervals, calculating the midpoint of each subinterval, and then evaluating the function at these midpoints. The sum of these values, multiplied by the width of the subintervals, provides an estimate of the area under the curve.
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Left, Right, & Midpoint Riemann Sums

Sigma Notation

Sigma notation is a concise way to represent the sum of a sequence of terms. It uses the Greek letter sigma (Ξ£) to indicate summation, along with an index of summation that specifies the starting and ending values. In the context of Riemann sums, sigma notation allows us to express the sum of function values at midpoints over all subintervals in a clear and compact form.
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Sigma Notation

Definite Integral

A definite integral represents the signed area under a curve defined by a function over a specific interval [a, b]. It is calculated using the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus, which connects differentiation and integration. The definite integral provides a precise value that corresponds to the accumulation of quantities, such as area, over the interval, and is often evaluated using techniques like Riemann sums.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question

Using properties of integrals Use the value of the first integral I to evaluate the two given integrals. 

I = βˆ«β‚€ΒΉ (𝓍³ ― 2𝓍) d𝓍 = ―3/4

(a) βˆ«β‚€ΒΉ (4𝓍―2𝓍³) d𝓍

Textbook Question

Area functions for linear functions Consider the following functions Ζ’ and real numbers a (see figure).

(a) Find and graph the area function A (𝓍) = βˆ«β‚Λ£ Ζ’(t) dt .

Ζ’(t) = 2t + 5 , a = 0

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Textbook Question

The velocity in ft/s of an object moving along a line is given by v = Ζ’(t) on the interval 0 ≀ t ≀ 8 (see figure), where t is measured in seconds.

a) Divide the interval [0,8] into n = 2 subintervals, [0,4] and [4,8]. On each subinterval, assume the object moves at a constant velocity equal to the value of v evaluated at the midpoint of the subinterval, and use these approximations to estimate the displacement of the object on [0,8] (see part (a) of the figure)                                                                                                             


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Textbook Question

Working with area functions Consider the function Ζ’ and the points a, b, and c.

(a) Find the area function A (𝓍) = βˆ«β‚Λ£ Ζ’(t) dt using the Fundamental Theorem.

Ζ’(𝓍) = ― 12𝓍 (𝓍―1) (𝓍― 2) ; a = 0 , b = 1 , c = 2

Textbook Question

Use Table 5.6 to evaluate the following indefinite integrals.                                                                                                               

                                                                                                                                                                  

 (a) ∫ e¹⁰ˣ d𝓍

Textbook Question

Area functions The graph of Ζ’ is shown in the figure. Let A(x) = βˆ«β‚‹β‚‚Λ£ Ζ’(t) dt and F(x) = βˆ«β‚„Λ£ Ζ’(t) dt be two area functions for Ζ’. Evaluate the following area functions.

(a) A (―2)