Question 1

Which of the following best describes the fluid mosaic model of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

A double layer of phospholipids with embedded proteins that move and shift, creating a dynamic structure.

Question 2

Which organelle is primarily responsible for the production of ATP in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 3

A cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. What will happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

Water will move out of the cell, causing it to shrink.

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a function of the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of ATP

Question 5

Which type of cell junction allows for the passage of ions and small molecules directly between adjacent cells?

Accepted Answer

Gap junctions

Question 6

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

Accepted Answer

S phase

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the role of ribosomes in the cell?

Accepted Answer

They are the site of protein synthesis.

Question 8

What is the main function of microvilli on the surface of certain cells?

Accepted Answer

Increasing surface area for absorption

Question 9

Which process involves the engulfment of large particles by the cell membrane to form a vesicle?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis

Question 10

Which of the following statements about the nucleus is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

The nucleolus is the site of ribosomal RNA synthesis.

Question 11

Which cytoskeletal element is primarily responsible for maintaining cell shape and resisting tension?

Accepted Answer

Intermediate filaments

Question 12

What is the primary function of lysosomes in the cell?

Accepted Answer

Digestion of macromolecules and worn-out organelles

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the process of transcription?

Accepted Answer

The synthesis of mRNA from a DNA template.

Question 14

Which of the following is a function of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs)?

Accepted Answer

Facilitating cell migration and signaling

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why the resting membrane potential is negative inside the cell?

Accepted Answer

Potassium ions diffuse out of the cell more easily than sodium ions diffuse in.

Foundations of Human Biology: Structure, Chemistry, and Cells

Study Guide - Practice Questions