Question 1

Which of the following structures is found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Ribosome

Question 2

A scientist discovers a cell with a nucleoid region, a cell wall, and no membrane-bound organelles. What type of cell is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic cell

Question 3

Which organelle is responsible for modifying, sorting, and shipping proteins produced in the rough ER?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 4

A white blood cell engulfs a bacterium. Which organelle is primarily responsible for digesting the bacterium?

Accepted Answer

Lysosome

Question 5

Which of the following is a function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER)?

Accepted Answer

Lipid synthesis

Question 6

According to the endosymbiotic theory, which evidence supports the idea that mitochondria and chloroplasts were once independent prokaryotes?

Accepted Answer

They contain their own DNA and ribosomes

Question 7

Which structure in plant cells allows for direct cytoplasmic exchange between adjacent cells?

Accepted Answer

Plasmodesmata

Question 8

What is the primary macromolecule that makes up the plant cell wall?

Accepted Answer

Cellulose

Question 9

Which equation best represents the process of cellular respiration occurring in mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2 \rightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + ATP}$$

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT part of the endomembrane system?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 11

A mutation disrupts the function of integrins in an animal cell. Which process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Communication between cell interior and exterior

Question 12

Which type of cell junction prevents the passage of fluids between adjacent animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Tight junction

Question 13

Which cytoskeletal element is primarily responsible for the movement of cilia and flagella?

Accepted Answer

Microtubules

Question 14

Which organelle is the site of photosynthesis in plant cells?

Accepted Answer

Chloroplast

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the function of the nucleolus?

Accepted Answer

Site of rRNA synthesis and ribosomal subunit assembly

Question 16

A cell is observed to have a large central vacuole, chloroplasts, and a cell wall. What type of cell is this?

Accepted Answer

Plant cell

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct sequence for the synthesis and export of a secretory protein?

Accepted Answer

Rough ER → Golgi apparatus → Transport vesicle → Plasma membrane

Question 18

Which human cell type uses a flagellum for locomotion?

Accepted Answer

Sperm cell

Question 19

Which of the following statements about the plasma membrane is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

It regulates the movement of substances into and out of the cell

Question 20

Which equation best represents the process of photosynthesis in chloroplasts?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{6CO_2 + 6H_2O \rightarrow C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2}$$

A Tour of the Cell: Structure and Function of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells

Study Guide - Practice Questions