Question 1

Which structure is present in prokaryotic cells but absent in eukaryotic animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Cell wall

Question 2

A scientist discovers a cell with a nucleoid region, ribosomes, and a plasma membrane, but no membrane-bound organelles. What type of cell is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic cell

Question 3

Which organelle is responsible for the synthesis of lipids in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Smooth ER

Question 4

Proteins destined for secretion from the cell are synthesized by ribosomes located on which structure?

Accepted Answer

Rough ER

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the function of the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

Modifies, sorts, and ships products from the ER

Question 6

A white blood cell engulfs a bacterium. Which organelle is primarily responsible for digesting the bacterium?

Accepted Answer

Lysosome

Question 7

Which of the following is evidence supporting the endosymbiotic theory for the origin of mitochondria and chloroplasts?

Accepted Answer

They contain their own DNA and ribosomes

Question 8

Which cytoskeletal element is primarily responsible for the movement of cilia and flagella?

Accepted Answer

Microtubules

Question 9

Which type of cell junction in animal cells is most similar in function to plasmodesmata in plant cells?

Accepted Answer

Gap junctions

Question 10

Cellulose, a major component of plant cell walls, is classified as which type of macromolecule?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrate

Question 11

A mutation prevents the formation of integrins in an animal cell. Which process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Communication between the cell interior and exterior

Question 12

Which organelle is the site of cellular respiration in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 13

Which equation correctly represents the overall process of cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2 \rightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + ATP}$$

Question 14

Which structure in plant cells is responsible for photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

Chloroplast

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the function of the central vacuole in plant cells?

Accepted Answer

Storage of water and nutrients, and maintaining cell turgor

Question 16

A mutation disrupts the function of dynein motor proteins in a human cell. Which cellular process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Movement of cilia and flagella

Question 17

Which equation represents the synthesis of a glycoprotein in the rough ER?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{Protein + Sugar \rightarrow Glycoprotein}$$

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT part of the endomembrane system?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 19

Which cell junction would you expect to find in the lining of the human intestine to prevent leakage of digestive fluids?

Accepted Answer

Tight junctions

Question 20

Which of the following statements about ribosomes is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

They use instructions from DNA to build proteins

A Tour of the Cell: Structure and Function of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells

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