Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between a physical and a chemical process, using water as an example?

Accepted Answer

Evaporating water is a physical process because the chemical composition remains the same.

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic shared by all living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Ability to metabolize oxygen.

Question 3

According to the theory of abiogenesis, which molecule was likely the first genetic/coding material and why?

Accepted Answer

RNA, because it can both encode information and catalyze reactions.

Question 4

Which of the following is a purine nitrogenous base found in nucleic acids?

Accepted Answer

Guanine

Question 5

Which level of protein structure is responsible for the formation of $$\alpha-$$helices and $$\beta-$$pleated sheets?

Accepted Answer

Secondary

Question 6

Which of the following matches the function of the polysaccharide glycogen?

Accepted Answer

Energy storage in animals

Question 7

What characteristic do all lipids have in common?

Accepted Answer

Hydrophobic

Question 8

Which of the following statements is generally considered true for both prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

Both have ribosomes & plasma membranes.

Question 9

According to the endosymbiotic theory, which of the following is likely the ancestor of the mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

Aerobic bacteria

Question 10

What is the central dogma of molecular biology directly referring to?

Accepted Answer

The flow of genetic information from DNA to RNA to protein

Question 11

Which of the following elements likely makes up the largest portion of the mass in an organism?

Accepted Answer

Phosphorus

Question 12

Which of the following best describes an exergonic reaction?

Accepted Answer

It has a negative $$\Delta G$$ and is spontaneous.

Question 13

Calculate the equilibrium constant $$K_{eq}$$ for the reaction: $$N_2(g) + 3H_2(g$$) \rightleftharpoons 2NH_3(g)$$ given equilibrium concentrations $$[$$N_2$$]=0.15$$ M, $$[$$H_2$$]=0.25$$ M, $$[$$NH_3$$]=0.50$$ M.

Accepted Answer

$$K_{eq} = \frac{[NH_3$]^2}{[N_2$][H_2$]^3} = \frac{(0.50)^2$}{(0.15)(0.25)^3$} = 106.67$$

Question 14

Consider a reaction at $$100^\circ C$$ with $$\Delta G = 15 kJ $$and $$\Delta H = 40 kJ. $$Calculate the system’s change in entropy ($$\Delta S). $$Use the equation $$\Delta G = \Delta H - T\Delta S.$$

Accepted Answer

$$\Delta S = -0.083 kJ/K$$

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the role of cristae in mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

They provide a large surface area for chemical reactions.

Question 16

Which of the following types of molecules can freely cross a semi-permeable membrane without energy input?

Accepted Answer

Small, nonpolar molecules

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a component of an amino acid?

Accepted Answer

Peptide

Question 18

Which of the following statements about viruses is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

Viruses are composed of cells.

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct match for a eukaryotic ribosomal subunit?

Accepted Answer

40S: Eukaryotic small ribosomal subunit

Introduction to Biochemistry: Foundations, Molecules, and Cellular Organization

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