Textbook Question
What are the primary effects of angiotensin II on kidney function and regulation?
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Ch. 26 The Urinary System
Martini, Nath, Bartholomew12th EditionFundamentals of Anatomy and PhysiologyISBN: 9780137854011
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Table of contents
- Ch. 1 An Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology25
- Ch. 2 The Chemical Level of Organization34
- Ch. 3 The Cellular Level of Organization29
- Ch. 4 The Tissue Level of Organization24
- Ch. 5 The Integumentary System17
- Ch. 6 Bones and Bone Structure33
- Ch. 7 The Axial Skeleton11
- Ch. 8 The Appendicular Skeleton17
- Ch. 9 Joints13
- Ch. 10 Muscle Tissue12
- Ch. 11 The Muscular System28
- Ch. 12 Nervous Tissue18
- Ch. 13 The Spinal Cord, Spinal Nerves, and Spinal Reflexes22
- Ch. 14 The Brain and Cranial Nerves20
- Ch. 15 Sensory Pathways and the Somatic Nervous System17
- Ch. 16 The Autonomic Nervous System and Higher-Order Functions30
- Ch. 17 The Special Senses15
- Ch. 18 The Endocrine System21
- Ch. 19 Blood31
- Ch. 20 The Heart31
- Ch. 21 Blood Vessels and Circulation26
- Ch. 22 The Lymphatic System and Immunity25
- Ch. 23 The Respiratory System4
- Ch. 24 The Digestive System18
- Ch. 26 The Urinary System31
- Ch. 27 Fluids & Electrolytes30
- Ch. 28 The Reproductive System12
- Ch. 29 Development and Inheritance17
Martini, Nath, Bartholomew12th EditionFundamentals of Anatomy and PhysiologyISBN: 9780137854011Not the one you use?Change textbook
Chapter 25, Problem 17
Sympathetic activation of nerve fibers in the nephron causes
(a) the regulation of glomerular blood flow and pressure,
(b) the stimulation of renin release from the juxtaglomerular complex,
(c) the direct stimulation of water and Na+ reabsorption,
(d) all of these.
Verified step by step guidance1
Step 1: Understand the role of sympathetic activation in the nephron. Sympathetic nerve fibers innervate various parts of the nephron and influence kidney function, especially during stress or low blood pressure conditions.
Step 2: Analyze option (a) - Sympathetic activation causes vasoconstriction of the afferent arterioles, which regulates glomerular blood flow and pressure. This helps maintain systemic blood pressure by adjusting filtration rate.
Step 3: Analyze option (b) - Sympathetic stimulation triggers the juxtaglomerular cells to release renin, initiating the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), which increases blood volume and pressure.
Step 4: Analyze option (c) - Sympathetic activation directly promotes reabsorption of sodium (Na+) and water in the proximal tubules, helping to conserve fluid and maintain blood pressure.
Step 5: Combine the insights from steps 2, 3, and 4 to determine that sympathetic activation causes all these effects, making option (d) the comprehensive answer.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Sympathetic Nervous System and Nephron Function
The sympathetic nervous system regulates kidney function by activating nerve fibers in the nephron, influencing blood flow, pressure, and tubular reabsorption. This activation helps the body respond to stress by conserving sodium and water, thus maintaining blood volume and pressure.
Recommended video:
2:52
Function of the Sympathetic Nervous System
Renin Release from the Juxtaglomerular Apparatus
The juxtaglomerular apparatus releases renin in response to sympathetic stimulation, low blood pressure, or decreased sodium delivery. Renin initiates the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), which increases blood pressure and sodium retention to restore homeostasis.
Recommended video:
11:30Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone-System
Regulation of Glomerular Blood Flow and Tubular Reabsorption
Sympathetic activation causes vasoconstriction of afferent arterioles, reducing glomerular blood flow and filtration rate. It also directly stimulates sodium and water reabsorption in renal tubules, aiding in fluid retention and blood pressure maintenance during stress or volume depletion.
Recommended video:
4:06Introduction to Tubular Reabsorption
Related Practice
Textbook Question
When the renal threshold for a substance exceeds its tubular maximum:
(a) More of the substance will be filtered
(b) More of the substance will be reabsorbed
(c) More of the substance will be secreted
(d) The amount of the substance that exceeds the tubular maximum will be found in the urine
(e) Both a and d occur
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Textbook Question
The control of blood pH by the kidneys during acidosis involves
(a) The secretion of hydrogen ions and reabsorption of bicarbonate ions from the tubular fluid
(b) A decrease in the amount of water reabsorbed
(c) Hydrogen ion reabsorption and bicarbonate ion loss
(d) Potassium ion secretion
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Textbook Question
Which structures of the urinary system are responsible for the transport, storage, and elimination of urine?
Textbook Question
When ADH levels rise,
(a) The amount of water reabsorbed increases.
(b) The DCT becomes impermeable to water.
(c) The amount of water reabsorbed decreases.
(d) Sodium ions are exchanged for potassium ions.
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Textbook Question
Sodium reabsorption in the DCT and in the cortical portion of the collecting system is accelerated by the secretion of
(a) ADH
(b) Renin
(c) Aldosterone
(d) Erythropoietin
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