Textbook Question
Decreased blood calcium level would result in increased:
(a) Secretion of calcitonin
(b) Secretion of PTH
(c) Elimination of calcium by the kidneys
(d) Osteoclast activity
(e) Excitability of neural membranes
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Ch. 18 The Endocrine System
Martini, Nath, Bartholomew12th EditionFundamentals of Anatomy and PhysiologyISBN: 9780137854011
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Table of contents
- Ch. 1 An Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology25
- Ch. 2 The Chemical Level of Organization34
- Ch. 3 The Cellular Level of Organization29
- Ch. 4 The Tissue Level of Organization24
- Ch. 5 The Integumentary System17
- Ch. 6 Bones and Bone Structure33
- Ch. 7 The Axial Skeleton11
- Ch. 8 The Appendicular Skeleton17
- Ch. 9 Joints13
- Ch. 10 Muscle Tissue12
- Ch. 11 The Muscular System28
- Ch. 12 Nervous Tissue18
- Ch. 13 The Spinal Cord, Spinal Nerves, and Spinal Reflexes22
- Ch. 14 The Brain and Cranial Nerves20
- Ch. 15 Sensory Pathways and the Somatic Nervous System17
- Ch. 16 The Autonomic Nervous System and Higher-Order Functions30
- Ch. 17 The Special Senses15
- Ch. 18 The Endocrine System21
- Ch. 19 Blood31
- Ch. 20 The Heart31
- Ch. 21 Blood Vessels and Circulation26
- Ch. 22 The Lymphatic System and Immunity25
- Ch. 23 The Respiratory System4
- Ch. 24 The Digestive System18
- Ch. 26 The Urinary System31
- Ch. 27 Fluids & Electrolytes30
- Ch. 28 The Reproductive System12
- Ch. 29 Development and Inheritance17
Martini, Nath, Bartholomew12th EditionFundamentals of Anatomy and PhysiologyISBN: 9780137854011Not the one you use?Change textbook
Chapter 18, Problem 25
Roger has been extremely thirsty. He drinks numerous glasses of water every day and urinates a great deal. Name two disorders that could produce these signs and symptoms. What test could a clinician perform to determine which disorder Roger has?
Verified step by step guidance1
Step 1: Identify the key symptoms described—excessive thirst (polydipsia) and excessive urination (polyuria). These symptoms often indicate a problem with the body's fluid balance or hormone regulation.
Step 2: Recognize two common disorders that cause these symptoms: Diabetes Mellitus and Diabetes Insipidus. Diabetes Mellitus involves high blood glucose levels affecting kidney function, while Diabetes Insipidus involves a deficiency or insensitivity to antidiuretic hormone (ADH), affecting water reabsorption in the kidneys.
Step 3: Understand that to differentiate between these two disorders, a clinician needs to assess how the kidneys handle water and how the body regulates blood glucose and ADH.
Step 4: Learn about the water deprivation test, which is commonly used to diagnose Diabetes Insipidus. This test measures changes in urine concentration and volume when water intake is restricted, helping to determine if ADH is functioning properly.
Step 5: Know that additional tests, such as blood glucose measurement, can help diagnose Diabetes Mellitus by checking for elevated blood sugar levels, which would not be present in Diabetes Insipidus.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Polydipsia and Polyuria
Polydipsia refers to excessive thirst, and polyuria is the production of abnormally large volumes of dilute urine. These symptoms often occur together and indicate an underlying disorder affecting fluid balance or kidney function.
Diabetes Mellitus and Diabetes Insipidus
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by high blood sugar and increased urination, while diabetes insipidus involves a deficiency of antidiuretic hormone or kidney response, causing excessive urination and thirst without high blood sugar.
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Water Deprivation Test
The water deprivation test helps differentiate between diabetes mellitus and diabetes insipidus by assessing the body's ability to concentrate urine when fluids are withheld. It measures changes in urine concentration and volume to identify the underlying cause of polyuria.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question
Pamela and her teammates are considering taking anabolic steroids (synthetic hormones derived from testosterone) to enhance their competitive skills. What natural effects of testosterone are they hoping to gain? What additional side effects might these women expect should they begin an anabolic steroid regime?
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Textbook Question
A researcher observes that stimulation by a particular hormone induces a marked increase in the activity of G proteins in the target plasma membrane. The hormone being studied is probably:
(a) A steroid
(b) A peptide
(c) Testosterone
(d) Estrogen
(e) Aldosterone
Textbook Question
Julie is pregnant but is not receiving prenatal care. She has a poor diet consisting mostly of fast food. She drinks no milk, preferring colas instead. How would this situation affect Julie's parathyroid hormone level?
Textbook Question
In Type 2 diabetes, insulin levels are frequently normal, yet the target cells are less sensitive to the effects of insulin. This suggests that the target cells:
(a) Are impermeable to insulin
(b) May lack enough insulin receptors
(c) Cannot convert insulin to an active form
(d) Have adequate internal supplies of glucose
(e) Both b and c
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