Textbook Question
Compare and contrast controls of bone remodeling exerted by hormones and by mechanical and gravitational forces, including the purpose of each control system and changes in bone architecture that might occur.
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Ch. 6 Bones and Skeletal Tissues
Hoehn, Haynes, Abbott12th EditionMarieb Human Anatomy & PhysiologyISBN: 9780138242732
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Table of contents
- Ch. 1 The Human Body: An Orientation25
- Ch. 2 Chemistry Comes Alive24
- Ch. 3 Cells: The Living Units24
- Ch. 4 Tissue: The Living Fabric19
- Ch. 5 The Integumentary System12
- Ch. 6 Bones and Skeletal Tissues19
- Ch. 7 The Skeleton14
- Ch. 8 Joints7
- Ch. 9 Muscles and Muscle Tissue26
- Ch. 10 The Muscular System25
- Ch. 11 Fundamentals of the Nervous System and Nervous Tissue23
- Ch. 12 The Central Nervous System25
- Ch. 13 The Peripheral Nervous System and Reflex Activity30
- Ch. 14 The Autonomic Nervous System16
- Ch. 15 The Special Senses26
- Ch. 16 The Endocrine System26
- Ch. 17 Blood27
- Ch. 18 The Cardiovascular System: The Heart25
- Ch. 19 The Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels27
- Ch. 20 The Lymphatic System and Lymphoid Organs and Tissues16
- Ch. 21 The Immune System: Innate and Adaptive Body Defenses27
- Ch. 22 The Respiratory System21
- Ch. 23 The Digestive System31
- Ch. 24 Nutrition, Metabolism, and Energy Balance26
- Ch. 25 The Urinary System26
- Ch. 26 Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance24
- Ch. 27 The Reproductive System24
- Ch. 28 Pregnancy and Human Development25
- Ch. 29 Heredity11
Hoehn, Haynes, Abbott12th EditionMarieb Human Anatomy & PhysiologyISBN: 9780138242732Not the one you use?Change textbook
Chapter 6, Problem 18
Compare bone to cartilage tissue relative to its resilience, speed of regeneration, and access to nutrients.
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Identify the key characteristics of bone tissue: it is highly resilient due to its mineralized matrix, has a relatively fast regeneration rate compared to cartilage, and has good access to nutrients through its rich blood supply.
Identify the key characteristics of cartilage tissue: it is less resilient than bone because it has a flexible, gel-like matrix, regenerates more slowly due to limited cell division and repair capacity, and has poor access to nutrients because it is avascular (lacks blood vessels).
Compare resilience by explaining that bone's mineralized matrix provides greater strength and resistance to mechanical stress, whereas cartilage's flexible matrix allows for cushioning but less overall strength.
Compare speed of regeneration by noting that bone can repair fractures relatively quickly due to active osteoblasts and blood supply, while cartilage heals slowly because chondrocytes have limited ability to divide and the tissue lacks direct blood flow.
Compare access to nutrients by highlighting that bone receives nutrients through blood vessels in the Haversian system, whereas cartilage relies on diffusion of nutrients through the extracellular matrix from surrounding tissues, limiting its nutrient supply.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Resilience of Bone and Cartilage
Resilience refers to the ability of a tissue to withstand stress and return to its original shape. Bone is rigid and strong due to its mineralized matrix, making it highly resilient to mechanical forces. Cartilage is more flexible and elastic, allowing it to absorb shock but making it less resistant to heavy loads compared to bone.
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Speed of Regeneration
Bone tissue has a high capacity for regeneration because it is highly vascularized and contains osteogenic cells that promote repair. Cartilage regenerates slowly due to its avascular nature and limited cell division, which restricts nutrient delivery and slows the healing process.
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Access to Nutrients
Bone tissue has a rich blood supply through its vascular network, allowing efficient nutrient and oxygen delivery to cells. In contrast, cartilage lacks blood vessels and relies on diffusion from surrounding tissues for nutrients, which limits its metabolic activity and repair capabilities.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question
Mrs. Abbruzzo brought her 4-year-old daughter to the doctor, complaining that she didn't 'look right.' The child's forehead was enlarged, her rib cage was knobby, and her lower limbs were bent and deformed. X rays revealed very thick epiphyseal plates. Mrs. Abbruzzo was advised to increase dietary amounts of vitamin D and milk and to get the girl outside to play in the sun. Considering the child's signs and symptoms, what disease do you think she has? Explain the doctor's instructions.
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Textbook Question
What would a long bone look like at the end of adolescence if bone remodeling did not occur?
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Textbook Question
a. Why are fractures most common in elderly individuals?
b. Why are greenstick fractures most common in children?
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Textbook Question
Why do you think wheelchair-bound people with paralyzed lower limbs have thin, weak bones of the leg and thigh?
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Textbook Question
Yolanda is asked to review a bone slide that her professor has set up under the microscope. She sees concentric layers surrounding a central cavity. Is this bone section taken from the diaphysis or the epiphyseal plate of the specimen?
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