Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between catabolism and anabolism in cellular metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Catabolism breaks down organic molecules to release energy, while anabolism uses energy to build new organic molecules.

Question 2

A patient is exposed to hydrogen cyanide gas, which binds to the last cytochrome in the electron transport chain. What is the most immediate cellular consequence?

Accepted Answer

ATP production via oxidative phosphorylation will cease, leading to cell death.

Question 3

Which of the following equations correctly represents the overall reaction for aerobic cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

$$C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2 \rightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + 30-32\ ATP$$

Question 4

Which process is responsible for the net gain of 2 ATP molecules per glucose during glycolysis?

Accepted Answer

The direct phosphorylation of ADP by substrate-level phosphorylation

Question 5

Why are high-density lipoproteins (HDLs) considered 'good cholesterol'?

Accepted Answer

They transport cholesterol from peripheral tissues to the liver for excretion or recycling.

Question 6

Which of the following is a direct result of beta-oxidation in lipid catabolism?

Accepted Answer

Breakdown of fatty acids into two-carbon fragments that enter the citric acid cycle

Question 7

A patient with diabetes mellitus develops a 'fruity' odor on their breath and is found to have a blood pH below 7.05. What is the most likely cause?

Accepted Answer

Ketoacidosis due to increased ketone body production from lipid and protein catabolism

Question 8

Which of the following statements about protein catabolism is correct?

Accepted Answer

It produces toxic ammonium ions that must be converted to urea in the liver.

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why DNA is not used as an energy source in cells?

Accepted Answer

DNA is essential for cell survival and genetic information storage.

Question 10

A diet deficient in vitamin B6 would most directly impair which metabolic process?

Accepted Answer

Transamination and deamination of amino acids

Question 11

Which of the following is a primary function of the citric acid cycle in cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

To remove hydrogen atoms from organic molecules and transfer them to coenzymes

Question 12

Which of the following best describes gluconeogenesis?

Accepted Answer

The synthesis of glucose from non-carbohydrate molecules such as lactate, glycerol, and some amino acids

Question 13

Which of the following is a consequence of elevated uric acid levels in the blood?

Accepted Answer

Development of gout due to uric acid crystal formation

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a reason cells synthesize new organic molecules?

Accepted Answer

To remove excess ATP from the cytosol

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the role of oxygen in the electron transport chain?

Accepted Answer

It is the final electron acceptor, forming water.

Question 16

Which of the following is an essential amino acid that must be obtained from the diet?

Accepted Answer

Leucine

Question 17

A patient is experiencing rapid fat and protein catabolism, resulting in high ketone body concentration. What is the most likely metabolic state?

Accepted Answer

Ketosis

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the function of chylomicrons?

Accepted Answer

They transport absorbed triglycerides from the intestine to the bloodstream.

Question 19

Which of the following is a characteristic of a balanced diet according to the MyPlate food guide?

Accepted Answer

It includes all essential amino acids, fatty acids, vitamins, minerals, and adequate water.

Question 20

Which of the following is a plausible outcome if a person consumes a diet lacking in essential amino acids?

Accepted Answer

Development of protein deficiency diseases

Metabolism and Energetics: Essentials of Anatomy & Physiology (Chapter 17) Study Notes

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