Question 1

Which of the following best describes the fluid mosaic model of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

A double layer of phospholipids with embedded proteins that move and shift, creating a dynamic structure.

Question 2

Which organelle is primarily responsible for ATP production in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 3

A cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. What will happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

It will shrink as water leaves the cell.

Question 4

Which of the following is a function of the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

Modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins and lipids for secretion or delivery to other organelles.

Question 5

Which type of cell junction allows for the passage of ions and small molecules directly between adjacent cells, facilitating electrical communication in cardiac muscle?

Accepted Answer

Gap junction

Question 6

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

Accepted Answer

S phase

Question 7

Which process describes the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane from an area of low solute concentration to high solute concentration?

Accepted Answer

Osmosis

Question 8

What is the main function of ribosomes in the cell?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the role of the nucleolus?

Accepted Answer

It is the site of ribosomal RNA synthesis and ribosome assembly.

Question 10

Which cytoskeletal element is primarily responsible for maintaining cell shape and resisting tension?

Accepted Answer

Intermediate filaments

Question 11

A mutation prevents the formation of functional dynein arms in a cell. Which cellular structure would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Cilia

Question 12

Which process is responsible for the specific uptake of cholesterol into cells via vesicles?

Accepted Answer

Receptor-mediated endocytosis

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the function of peroxisomes?

Accepted Answer

Detoxification of harmful substances such as alcohol and free radicals

Question 14

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the resting membrane potential of a typical animal cell?

Accepted Answer

It is established mainly by the diffusion of potassium ions out of the cell.

Question 15

Which of the following is a function of microvilli?

Accepted Answer

Increasing surface area for absorption

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the process of autophagy?

Accepted Answer

Packaging and delivery of unneeded organelles to lysosomes for digestion

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a function of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Synthesizing proteins

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the role of tRNA during translation?

Accepted Answer

It brings specific amino acids to the ribosome based on the codon sequence of mRNA.

Question 19

Which of the following is TRUE about the genetic code?

Accepted Answer

A codon is a sequence of three nucleotides on mRNA that specifies an amino acid.

Question 20

Which of the following is a direct result of the process of apoptosis?

Accepted Answer

Orderly cell death with phagocytosis of cell remnants

Anatomy & Physiology: Foundations of the Human Body (Chapters 1–3 Study Guide)

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