25. The Urinary System

Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.

d. Filtrate flows from the renal corpuscle to the distal tubule, the nephron loop, the proximal tubule, and into the collecting system.

Explain the important differences between blood plasma and glomerular filtrate, and relate the differences to the structure of the filtration membrane.

While repairing a frayed utility wire, Kevin, an experienced lineman, slips and falls to the ground. Medical examination reveals a fracture of his lower spine and transection of the lumbar region of the spinal cord. How will Kevin's micturition be controlled from this point on? Will he ever again feel the need to void? Will there be dribbling of urine between voidings? Explain the reasoning behind all your responses.

The glomerular filtration rate is regulated by all of the following, except 

(a) Autoregulation

(b) Sympathetic neural control

(c) Cardiac output

(d) Angiotensin II

(e) The hormone ADH

What might it mean if you found a high concentration of urobilinogen in your patient's urine? (Hint: Consider the source of urobilinogen.)

Normal urine should have which of the following properties? Circle all that apply.

a. Translucency

b. Yellowish pigment

c. Cloudy appearance

d. pH less than 4.5

Predict the effects the following scenarios would have on glomerular filtration:

b. Having low arterial blood pressure (hypotension)

What happens to the rate of RBC production in a patient on dialysis with total renal failure? What could be given to the patient to counteract such a problem?

Filtration at the glomerulus is inversely related to

a. Water reabsorption

b. Capsular hydrostatic pressure

c. Arterial blood pressure

d. Acidity of the urine