22. The Respiratory System

Which of the following represents intrapleural pressure?

When the inspiratory muscles contract:

a. The size of the thoracic cavity increases in diameter

b. The size of the thoracic cavity increases in length

c. The volume of the thoracic cavity decreases

d. The size of the thoracic cavity increases in both length and diameter

Describe the functional relationships between volume changes and gas flow into and out of the lungs.

Define hyperventilation

If you hyperventilate, do you retain or expel more carbon dioxide?

What effect does hyperventilation have on blood pH?

At the end of inspiration, the intrapulmonary pressure is equal to ____________.

More than one choice may apply.

Which of the following changes will accompany the loss of lung elasticity associated with aging?

a. Increase in tidal volume

b. Increase in inspiratory reserve volume

c. Increase in residual volume

d. Increase in vital capacity

What happens to the metabolic rate of skeletal muscle tissue during exercise? What waste products are produced from metabolic reactions? How and why does this affect your rate of ventilation during exercise?

Why does air rush into the lungs during an inhale or inspiration?

The contraction of the diaphragm and the external intercostal muscles begins inspiration. What happens, in terms of volume and pressure changes in the lungs, when these muscles contract?

More than one choice may apply.

During inspiration, intrapulmonary pressure is

a. Greater than atmospheric pressure

b. Less than atmospheric pressure

c. Greater than intrapleural pressure

d. Less than intrapleural pressure