21. The Immune System

The most beneficial effect of fever is that it

(a) Inhibits the spread of some bacteria and viruses

(b) Increases the metabolic rate by up to 10 percent

(c) Stimulates the release of pyrogens

(d) Achieves a and b

Injured tissue releases chemicals called______ that mediate the four cardinal signs of inflammation, which are _____, ______,_____ , and_______.

Capillary permeability increases and plasma proteins leak into the interstitial fluid as part of the inflammatory process. Why is this desirable?

Eileen presents with flu-like symptoms, including fever, chills, and body aches.

c. What might it mean if lymphocytes instead of neutrophils were elevated? Explain your reasoning.

Where are bacteria killed by enzymes and toxic substances once ingested by a white blood cell?

Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.

Neutrophils are a critical component of the response to a parasitic infection.

Complement activation

(a) Stimulates inflammation

(b) Attracts phagocytes

(c) Enhances phagocytosis

(d) Achieves a, b, and c

Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.

Phagocytic cells of innate immunity include NK cells and basophils.