18. The Heart

Differentiate between stroke volume and cardiac output. How is cardiac output calculated?

What are the valves in the heart, and what is the function of each?

During which following phase (or phases) of the cardiac cycle is the blood volume in the ventricles constant?

What is cardiac output, and how is it calculated?

The fact that the left ventricular wall is thicker than the right reveals that it:

a. Pumps a greater volume of blood

b. Pumps blood against greater resistance

c. Expands the thoracic cage

d. Pumps blood through a smaller valve

Which of the following statements is true?

a. The tricuspid valve is located between the right atrium and the right ventricle.

b. The mitral valve is located between the pulmonary veins and the left atrium.

c. The pulmonary valve is located between the pulmonary artery and the pulmonary veins.

d. The aortic valve is located between the right ventricle and the aorta.

Mrs. Hamad, a middle-aged woman, is admitted to the coronary care unit with a diagnosis of left ventricular failure resulting from a myocardial infarction. Her chart indicates that she was awakened in the middle of the night by severe chest pain. Her skin is pale and cold, and moist sounds of pulmonary edema are heard over the lower regions of both lungs. Explain how failure of the left ventricle might cause these signs and symptoms.

Define cardiac cycle, and follow the events of one cycle.

Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.

Tissue perfusion to the heart decreases during systole and increases during diastole.