16. The Endocrine System

The anterior pituitary secretes all but:

a. Antidiuretic hormone

b. Growth hormone

c. Gonadotropins

d. TSH

Absence of thyroid hormone would result in:

a. Increased heart rate and increased force of heart contraction

b. Depression of the CNS and lethargy

c. Exophthalmos

d. High metabolic rate

Mr. Flores brings his wife to the clinic, concerned about her nervousness, heart palpitations, and excessive sweating. Tests show hyperglycemia and hypertension. What hormones are probably being hypersecreted? What is the cause? What physical factors allow you to rule out thyroid problems?

The major stimulus for the release of parathyroid hormone is:

a. Hormonal

b. Humoral

c. Neural

Testosterone is to the male as which hormone is to the female?

a. Luteinizing hormone

b. Progesterone

c. Estrogen

d. Prolactin

Aaron, a 42-year-old single father, goes to his physician complaining of nausea and chronic fatigue. He reports having felt fatigued and listless for about half a year, but he had attributed this to stress. He has lost considerable weight and, strangely, his skin looks tanned, even though he spends long hours at work and rarely ventures outside. His doctor finds very low blood pressure and a rapid, weak pulse. Blood tests show that Aaron does not have anemia, but his plasma glucose, cortisol, and Na⁺ are low, and his plasma K⁺ is high. His doctor orders an ACTH stimulation test, in which Aaron's secretion of cortisol is measured after he is given a synthetic form of ACTH.

(a) What would account for Aaron's low plasma Na⁺ and high plasma K⁺ ?

(b) What is the reason for doing an ACTH stimulation test?

(c) Which gland is primarily affected if ACTH does not cause a normal elevation of cortisol secretion? What is this abnormality called?

(d) Which gland is primarily affected if ACTH does cause an elevation of cortisol secretion?

Name a hormone secreted by a muscle cell and two hormones secreted by neurons.

Choose from the following key to identify the hormones described.

Key:

a. Aldosterone

b. Antidiuretic hormone

c. Growth hormone

d. Luteinizing hormone

e. oxytocin f. prolactin

g. T₄ and T₃

h. TSH ______ 

(1) Important anabolic hormone; many of its effects mediated by IGFs ______ 

(2) Cause the kidneys to conserve water and/or salt (two choices) ______ 

(3) Stimulates milk production ______ 

(4) Tropic hormone that stimulates the gonads to secrete sex hormones ______ 

(5) Increases uterine contractions during birth ______ 

(6) Major metabolic hormone(s) of the body ______ 

(7) Causes reabsorption of sodium ions by the kidneys ______ 

(8) Tropic hormone that stimulates the thyroid gland to secrete thyroid hormone ______ 

(9) Secreted by the posterior pituitary (two choices) ______

(10) The only steroid hormone in the list