19. The Blood Vessels

Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.

The kidneys control blood pressure directly through adjustment of blood volume.

More than one choice may apply.

An increase in BP would be caused by all of the following except

a. Increase in SV

b. Increase in heart rate

c. Hemorrhage

d. Vasoconstriction of the arterioles

John is a 30-year-old man who is overweight and smokes. He has been diagnosed with hypertension and arteriosclerosis. Define each of these conditions. How are they often related? Why is hypertension called the 'silent killer'? Name three changes in your lifestyle that might help prevent cardiovascular disease in your old age.

Which of the following would produce a decrease in blood pressure?

a. Increased cardiac output

b. Vasodilation

c. Vasoconstriction

d. Increased blood volume

Mrs. Rees is brought to the emergency room after being involved in an auto accident. She is hemorrhaging and has a rapid pulse that can barely be felt, but her blood pressure is still within normal limits. Describe the compensatory mechanisms that are maintaining her blood pressure in the face of blood loss.

Why is blood flow to the brain relatively continuous and constant?

How are nutrients, wastes, and respiratory gases transported to and from the blood and tissue spaces?

Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.

The increase in tissue perfusion in skeletal muscle that occurs during exercise is known as hyperemia.

Explain the mechanisms that assist in the return of venous blood to the heart.

Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.

Angiotensin-II is a chemical that produces profound vasoconstriction.

Explain why a person who is 7 feet tall is likely to have higher blood pressure than a person whose height is 4 feet.

Bob is sitting outside on a warm day and is sweating profusely. Mary wants to practice taking blood pressures, and he agrees to play the patient. Mary finds that Bob's blood pressure is elevated, even though he is resting and has lost fluid from sweating. (She reasons that fluid loss should lower blood volume and, thus, blood pressure.) Why is Bob's blood pressure high instead of low?

Explain why the skin and lips of fair-skinned individuals may 'turn blue' in very cold weather.

Jolene awakens suddenly to the sound of her alarm clock. Realizing that she is late for class, she jumps to her feet, feels light-headed, and falls back on her bed. What probably caused this reaction? Why doesn't this happen all the time?

Arterial blood pressure increases in response to:

a. increasing stroke volume

b. increasing heart rate

c. atherosclerosis

d. rising blood volume

e. all of these