2. Cell Chemistry & Cell Components

Carbohydrates

Textbook Question
Cows can derive nutrients from cellulose becausea. they produce enzymes that recognize the shape of the glucose-glucose bonds and hydrolyze them.b. they re-chew their cud to break down cellulose fibers.c. their digestive tract contains microorganisms that can hydrolyze the bonds of cellulose.d. they convert cellulose to starch and can digest starch.
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Textbook Question
Sucrose is broken down in your intestine to the monosaccharides glucose and fructose, which are then absorbed into your blood. What is the name of this type of reaction? Using this diagram of sucrose, show how this would occur.
Textbook Question
Which of the following categories includes all others in the list?a. disaccharideb. polysaccharidec. starchd. carbohydrate
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Textbook Question
The element(s) essential for normal thyroid function is/are:
a. Iodine
b. Iron
c. Copper
d. Selenium
e. Zinc
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Multiple Choice
In what polysaccharide form do plants store glucose to be available later as an energy source?
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Textbook Question
The lipid(s) used as the basis of vitamin D, sex hormones, and bile salts is/are:
a. Triglycerides
b. Cholesterol
c. Phospholipids
d. Prostaglandin
Multiple Choice
Which carbohydrate is used to store energy in the liver?
Textbook Question
Absence of which of the following nitrogen-containing bases would prevent RNA synthesis?
a. Adenine
b. Cytosine
c. Guanine
d. Thymine
e. Uracil
Multiple Choice
What is the stored form of carbohydrate in the muscles and liver?
Multiple Choice
At a conference, the speaker's grand finale was sautéing mealworms (insect larvae) in butter and serving them to the audience. They were crunchy (like popcorn hulls) because their exoskeletons contain the polysaccharide __________.
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Textbook Question
Glucose is to starch as:
a. A steroid is to a lipid
b. A nucleotide is to a nucleic acid
c. An amino acid is to a protein
d. A polypeptide is to an amino acid
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Multiple Choice
Which carbohydrate is used in the liver for energy storage?
Textbook Question
A dehydration synthesis reaction between glycerol and a single fatty acid would yield a(n)
(a) Micelle
(b) Omega-3 fatty acid
(c) Triglyceride
(d) Monoglyceride
(e) Diglyceride
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Textbook Question
Distinguish inorganic from organic compounds, and list the major categories of each in the body.
Multiple Choice
Which locations represent the largest storage depots for carbohydrates in the body?