6. Bones & Skeletal Tissue

Explain the effect that the following hormones have on the growth of bone tissue:

a. Growth hormone

In physical anthropology, cultural conclusions can be inferred from a thorough examination of the skeletons of ancient peoples. What sorts of clues might bones provide as to the lifestyles of those individuals?

Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.

d. Calcitonin is released in response to an elevated calcium ion concentration in the blood.

Mark the following statements about bone tissue as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.

f. Osteocytes are mature and less active osteoblasts that have become surrounded by bone ECM.

Name the major functions of the skeletal system.

Of the following statements, identify those that are properties of intramembranous ossification, endochondral ossification, or both.

a. The bone is formed via a hyaline cartilage model.

b. Bone tissue forms from ossification centers.

c. Bone forms from within a mesenchyme membrane.

d. The early spongy bone is formed, after which the early compact bone develops.

e. The original primary bone is replaced with secondary bone.

f. A bone collar forms, followed by the early spongy bone.

Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.

e. Parathyroid hormone increases the blood calcium ion concentration by increasing the activity of osteoblasts.

Which of the following influences bone remodeling?

a. Vitamins such as vitamins D, C, and K

b. Intake of calcium ions

c. Hormones such as estrogen and testosterone

d. All of the above

Correctly order the following steps of fracture repair, placing a 1 by the first step, a 2 by the second step, and so on.

Osteoblasts in the periosteum lay down a bone callus of primary bone.

Damaged blood vessels bleed and fill the gap between the bone fragments with a hematoma.

The bone callus is remodeled and replaced with secondary bone.

Fibroblasts, chondroblasts, and blood vessels enter the clot, and the soft callus begins to bridge the gap between bone fragments.

Which of the following statements is true?