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Goodness of Fit Test - Excel definitions

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  • Goodness of Fit Test
    Statistical procedure for comparing observed frequencies to a claimed distribution across categories.
  • Null Hypothesis
    Assumption that observed frequencies align with the claimed distribution, serving as the default statement.
  • Alternative Hypothesis
    Statement suggesting observed frequencies differ from the claimed distribution, opposing the null hypothesis.
  • Observed Frequencies
    Counts recorded for each category in a sample, representing actual data collected.
  • Expected Frequencies
    Calculated values for each category based on sample size and claimed proportions, used for comparison.
  • Category Proportion
    Fraction representing the claimed probability for each category, often found by dividing one by the number of categories.
  • Sample Size
    Total number of items or observations included in the analysis, denoted as n.
  • Significance Level
    Threshold, often denoted as alpha, used to determine whether to reject the null hypothesis.
  • p-value
    Probability measure from the test indicating how likely observed data would occur if the null hypothesis were true.
  • CHISQ.TEST Function
    Excel tool for calculating the p-value by comparing observed and expected frequencies.
  • Claimed Distribution
    Assumed pattern or spread of frequencies across categories, used as a reference in hypothesis testing.
  • Hypothesis Testing
    Framework for making decisions about population parameters based on sample data and statistical evidence.
  • Alpha
    Preset probability threshold for significance, commonly set at 0.05 in statistical tests.
  • Category
    Distinct group or type within a dataset, such as flavors in a candy bag.
  • Even Distribution
    Situation where all categories have equal proportions or frequencies, often the basis for the null hypothesis.