"In Exercises 17 and 18, use the table, which shows the numbers of first-time and repeat U.S. nursing students taking the National Council Licensure Examination (NCLEX-RN® exam) to pass or fail in a recent year. (Adapted from National Council Licensure Examinations)

18. Find the probability that a student passed, given that the student repeated the exam."

In Exercises 17 and 18, use the table, which shows the numbers of first-time and repeat U.S. nursing students taking the National Council Licensure Examination (NCLEX-RN® exam) to pass or fail in a recent year. (Adapted from National Council Licensure Examinations)

17. Find the probability that a student took the exam for the first time, given that the student failed.

In Exercises 45-48, use combinations and permutations.

48. An employer must hire 2 people from a list of 13 applicants. In how many ways can the employer choose to hire the two people?

In Exercises 7-12, classify the statement as an example of classical probability, empirical probability, or subjective probability. Explain your reasoning.

11. The probability of rolling 2 six-sided dice and getting a sum of 9 is 1/9.

28. A sample of 6500 automobiles found that 1560 of the automobiles were black, 3120 of the automobiles were sedans, and 1170 of the automobiles were black sedans. Find the probability that a randomly chosen automobile from this sample is black or a sedan.

In Exercises 5 and 6, use the Fundamental Counting Principle.

6. The state of Virginia's license plates have three letters and four digits. Assuming that any letter or digit can be used, how many different license plates are possible?

In Exercises 49-53, use counting principles to find the probability.

53. A corporation has six male senior executives and four female senior executives. Four senior executives are chosen at random to attend a technology seminar. What is the

probability of choosing

b. four women?