Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference in electron behavior between an ionic bond and a covalent bond?

Accepted Answer

In an ionic bond, electrons are transferred from one atom to another; in a covalent bond, electrons are shared between atoms.

Question 2

An atom of sodium has 11 protons and 12 neutrons. What is its mass number?

Accepted Answer

$$23$$

Question 3

Why are noble gases (Group 18 elements) generally unreactive and rarely form chemical bonds?

Accepted Answer

They have a full valence electron shell, making them stable.

Question 4

Balance the following chemical equation: $$H_2$$ + $$O_2$$ \rightarrow H_2O$$

Accepted Answer

$$2H_2 + O_2$ \rightarrow 2H_2O$$

Question 5

A student tests a mystery liquid with a pH strip, which turns bright red, indicating a pH of 2. What does this tell you about the substance?

Accepted Answer

It is a strong acid.

Question 6

Which of the following is a real-world example of an ionic bond?

Accepted Answer

The bond between sodium and chlorine in table salt ($$NaCl).$$

Question 7

Which statement best explains why $$O_2 ($$oxygen gas) is held together by a covalent bond?

Accepted Answer

The two oxygen atoms share electrons to fill their outer shells.

Question 8

A solution has a pH of 7. Which of the following best describes the solution?

Accepted Answer

It is neutral.

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the relationship between atomic number and the identity of an element?

Accepted Answer

The atomic number is equal to the number of protons in the nucleus.

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why sodium ($$Na) $$and chlorine ($$Cl) $$form an ionic bond in table salt ($$NaCl$$)?

Accepted Answer

Sodium transfers an electron to chlorine, resulting in oppositely charged ions that attract.

Question 11

Which of the following is the correct balanced equation for the reaction of hydrogen and oxygen to form water?

Accepted Answer

$$2H_2 + O_2$ \rightarrow 2H_2O$$

Question 12

A student mixes hydrochloric acid ($$HCl) $$with sodium hydroxide ($$NaOH) in a $$beaker. The resulting solution has a pH of 7. What type of reaction has occurred?

Accepted Answer

A neutralization reaction.

Question 13

Which of the following statements about isotopes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Isotopes have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes what happens to the electrons in a covalent bond?

Accepted Answer

Electrons are shared between two atoms.

Question 15

A solution with a pH of 13 is best described as:

Accepted Answer

A strong base.

Question 16

Which of the following is the correct calculation for the mass number of an atom with 17 protons and 18 neutrons?

Accepted Answer

$$17 + 18 = 35$$

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why acids have a low pH?

Accepted Answer

They have a high concentration of hydrogen ions ($$H^+).$$

Question 18

Which of the following is a property of covalent compounds?

Accepted Answer

They often have low melting and boiling points.

Question 19

A chemist observes that a gas does not react with any other element under normal conditions. Which group is this element most likely from?

Accepted Answer

Group 18 (Noble gases)

Step-by-Step Guidance for Chemistry: Atomic Structure & Bonding

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