Newton's Second Law: The acceleration of an object is proportional to the net force applied and inversely proportional to its mass. F=ma

Newton's Third Law: For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.

Work: Work is done when a force causes displacement. W=Fd or W=Fd⁢cos(θ)

Energy: The ability to do work. Includes kinetic and potential energy.

• Kinetic Energy (KE): Energy of motion. KE=12mv2

• Potential Energy (PE): Stored energy due to position. PE=mgh

Law of Conservation of Energy: Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed. The total energy (kinetic + potential) remains constant in an isolated system. PE_i+KE_i=PE_f+KE_f

Applications:

• Calculating work done by a force at an angle using W=Fd⁢cos(θ)

• Finding speed at the bottom of a hill using conservation of energy principles.