22. The First Law of Thermodynamics

(II) How many joules and kilocalories are generated when the brakes are used to bring a 1200-kg car to rest from a speed of 95 km/h?

According to the $FirstLawofThermodynamics$, in which direction does $Q$ naturally flow between two objects at different $T$?

A heat engine takes a diatomic gas around the cycle shown in Fig. 20–23. Calculate the heat input into the gas during the constant volume process from points b to c.

According to the First Law of Thermodynamics, what does it mean that energy cannot be created or destroyed?

500 J of heat energy are transferred to a gas during a process in which the gas expands at constant pressure from 400 cm³ to 800 cm³. The gas's thermal energy increases by 300 J during this process. What is the gas pressure?

Which of the following is a statement of the first law of thermodynamics?

A gas in a cylinder is held at a constant pressure of $1.80\times {10}^5$ Pa and is cooled and compressed from $1.70$ m³ to $1.20$ m³. The internal energy of the gas decreases by $1.40\times {10}^5$ J. Does it matter whether the gas is ideal? Why or why not?

According to the law of conservation of energy, what will most likely happen in a closed system?

A gas in a cylinder held at a constant pressure 1.80×10⁵ Pa expands from a volume of 1.2 m³ to 1.6 m³. The internal energy of the gas decreases from 4.40×10⁵ J to 3×10⁵ J. How much heat was transferred to the gas?

A scuba diver releases a 3.60-cm-diameter (spherical) bubble of air from a depth of 14.0 m. Assume the temperature is constant at 298 K, and that the air behaves as an ideal gas. Sketch a PV diagram for the process. Take the density of water to be 1000 kg/m³.

Which of the following devices violates the first law of thermodynamics ($\mathrm{\Delta U}=Q-W$)?

(I) An ideal gas expands isothermally, performing 4.30 x 10³ J of work in the process. Calculate the heat absorbed during this expansion.

The internal energy of a system decreases by 500 J, and 230 J of work is done on the system. What is the heat transfer into or out of this system?

Which fundamental physical law forms the basis of the first law of thermodynamics?

A gas in a cylinder expands from a volume of $0.110$ m³ to $0.320$ m³ . Heat flows into the gas just rapidly enough to keep the pressure constant at $1.65\times {10}^5$ Pa during the expansion. The total heat added is $1.15\times {10}^5$ J. Find the work done by the gas.